Abstract: Objective To determine the correlations between AML1-ETO fusion gene and clinical characteristics of patients with AML, and its association with the prognosis of AML-M2. Methods Medical records of 94 AML-M2 cases with positive AML1-ETO fusion gene and 51 AML-M2 cases with negative AML1-ETO gene were retrospective reviewed. Their clinical characteristics, treatment responses and prognostic outcomes were compared. Results No significant differences in the clinical symptoms, predominantly anemia, fever and hemorrhage, were found between the AML1-ETO fusion gene positive and negative AML-M2 (P>0.05). However,lower levels of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT), and higher levels of ratio of grain to red, percentage of bone marrow granulocyte (NC), CD34, human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), CD56 and CD19 were found in those with positive AML1-ETO fusion gene (P<0.05). The efficacy of treatments and survival curves showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). CD56 and original percentage of bone marrow granulocyte were predictors of poor long-term survival. Complete remission was the only predictor of better long-term survival. Conclusion AML1-ETO fusion gene is neither associated with clinical symptoms, nor with survival and long term prognosis in Sichuan. As many factors affect the efficacy of treatments and prognosis of AML-M2, stratified analysis is needed to determine the role of AML1-ETO.