Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKI） in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Methods There were total 655 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia treated in one single-institution enrolled in this study. The dosage of TKI Imatinib was 400 mg/d for chronic phase, 600 mg/d for accelerated and blast phase respectively. Complete blood count, cytogenetic and molecular studies were regularly monitored during the course of therapy. The therapeutic effect was evaluated and the survival analysis was performed. Results The total complete hematologic response (CHR), major cytogenetic response (MCyR), complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) rates were 92.1%, 75.8% ，73.1% and 47.9% respectively.1-year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were(96.3±0.8)%, (86.3±1.8)%, (79.0±2.4)% and (66.5±4.8)% respectively. 1 year, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) rates were(92.2±1.1)%, (77.9±2.1)%, (67.9±6.8)% and (35.8±6.0)% respectively.The proportion of the patients in chronic phase achieving CHR, MCyR, CCyR and MMR were 98.7%, 82.5%, 79.4% and 52.4% respectivly. Compared with chronic phase patients, the efficacy of IM in the treatment of accelerated phase and blast phase patients was significantly lower. The effect of TKI in early chronic phase was better than that in late chronic phase. Early molecular response was associated with a better 5-year EFS, but not OS. Conclusion CML patients in chronic phase treated with TKI have a better outcome. The earlier TKI be used, the better the prognosis and efficacy be achieved.