Abstract: Objective To investigate the expressions of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1(ALDH1),　hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),　vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) and their relationships with clinical significance. Methods In situ hybridization (ISH) method and immuohistochemical staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of ALDH1，HIF-1α and VEGF in 120 LSCC specimens and 60 cases of normal laryngeal tissue．Their relationships with clinical pathological parameters were analyzed. Results The positive rates of ALDH1，HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA in LSCC were 57.5％（69/120）, 73.3％（88/120）, 56.7% （68/120）, while the positive rates of proteins were 55.8％（67/120）,70.8％（85/120） and 55.0% （66/120）, respectively. which were significantly higher than those in controls（P<0.05）. The expression of ALDH1 and VEGF proteins were significantly correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis （P<0.05）. The expression of HIF-1α protein was significantly correlated with TNM stage, the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression of ALDH1 was positively associated with those of HIF-1α and VEGF (P<0.05). The lymph node metastasis rate increased with the positive factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with positive expression of ALDH1,HIF-1α and VEGF had lower 5-year overall survival rate than those with negative expression （P<0.05）. Conclusion The expressions of ALDH1，HIF-1α and VEGF are higher in LSCC,which may be used to determine the malignancy and prognosis of LSCC .