Abstract: Objective?To determine the prevalence of type 2 DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in Chengdu populations and to identify dietary risk factors associated with DM and IGR. Methods?Two communities in Chengdu were selected for this study. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG) and 2-hour post-meal blood glucose (2 hGlu) tests were performed in the community residents. The participants were asked to complete a questionair recording their daily food intaking. The total calorie of food, percentage of different kinds of food, and intake of electrolyte, vietamine and micro minerals were calculated and compared between those with and without type 2 DM or IGR. Results?Of the study participants, 18.59% had type 2 DM and 24.22% had IGR. Those with DM had higher levels of intake of calorie,fat,protein and sodium,and lower levels of intake of cellulose, carbohydrates,Iron,zinc,selenium,manganese and vietamine C and E compared with those without DM/IGR (P<0.05). The participants with IGR had higher levels of intake of calorie and sodium and lower levels of intake of cellulose, zinc, selenium, manganese and vitamine C and E compared with those without DM/IGR (P<0.05).Percentage of dietary fat was identified as an independent risk factor of type 2 DM (OR=1.609); whearaus Vitamine E was identified as a protective factor of type 2 DM (OR=0.733) and IGR (OR=0.990). Conclusion?Chengdu has a higher than national average prevalence of type 2 DM and IGR. The high percentage of dietary fat and low levels of Vitamine E are major risk factors of type 2 DM and IGR.