Abstract: Objective To investigate the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengdu. Methods 51 of middle-aged and elderly people participated in this study. The concentration of blood glucose and lipid, and the other physiological parameters of the subjects were analyzed, and their fecal microbiota was also profiled by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technique. Results The fecal microbiota in the middle-aged and elderly were mainly Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia. The diversity offecalmicrobiota was significantly lower in the subjects with higher blood glucose (P<0.05), while it did not exhibited relationship with changes in blood lipids. At the bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were respectively significantly higher in middle-aged and elderly women with higher blood glucose (P<0.05). At the bacterial genus: Faecalibacterium was significantly lower in the hyperglycemic subjects (P<0.05), its abundance and blood glucose levels were negatively correlated (r=－0.278, P=0.048); Prevotella and Paraprevotella were significantly lower in the high blood lipids group (P<0.05), and both of them were negatively correlated with blood lipid levels (r=－0.357, P=0.10; r=－0.365, P=0.008). Conclusion The fecal microbiota in the tested middle-aged and elderly subjects varied with blood glucose and blood lipid concentration. Intestinal microbes might posses close relationship with blood glucose and lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly people.