Abstract: ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics and treatment experience of orbital cellulitis in children,and to provide clinical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of pre-septal orbital cellulitis and post-septal orbital cellulitis. MethodsRetrospectively analyzed 165 cases of orbital cellulitis in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2009 to December 2015. According to the location of lesions,the array was divided into two groups: pre-septal orbital cellulitis (139 cases) and post-septal orbital cellulitis (26 cases). The difference in general characteristics,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,laboratory examination and treatment were compared between two groups. ResultsThe sex ratio between the two groups was similar,with more male children than female. The main predisposing factors were also sinusitis. Compared with children with pre-septal orbital cellulitis,children with post-septal orbital cellulitis had older onset age,longer medical history,more fixed eyeball and exophthalmos. Higher leukocyte count and C-reactive protein,longer antibiotic use and longer hospital stay,with differences significant (P<0.05). ConclusionsCompared with pre-septal orbital cellulitis,post-septal orbital cellulitis is more concealed and harmful,with graver systemic reaction and longer treatment time. Not clinical symptoms but CT examination is more reliable in differential diagnosis. Intravenous antibiotics combined with appropriate surgery has a significant effect.