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胸腔镜肺叶切除术:技术优化与应用拓展
Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy: Expanding Indications Based on the Optimization of Surgical Techniques
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摘要: 胸腔镜肺叶切除术极大地减少了传统开胸手术的创伤,由于其"微创"的特点,已获得广泛认可,具体手术操作技术也在逐渐细化并日臻完善,目前已被明确为Ⅰ期肺癌及部分Ⅱa期肺癌的标准术式之一。然而对于解剖性肺段切除、支气管袖式肺叶切除、支气管肺动脉双袖式肺叶切除、大肿瘤(直径大于5 cm)切除、全肺切除、甚至肺上沟瘤的手术治疗,由于手术难度较大,是否可行胸腔镜手术尚存争议。胸膜腔广泛粘连或完全闭锁,病变局部侵犯重,肺叶间裂发育不良, 镜下出血,以及"困难肺门",曾一度被认为是胸腔镜手术中转开胸的指征,是胸腔镜肺叶切除开展的难点所在。我们提出并创立的"单向式胸腔镜肺叶切除术"思路清晰、操作简单有序,已被较广泛地应用推广。在此基础上,我们不断地对胸腔镜肺叶切除技术进行了系列优化与应用拓展,总结了腔镜下粘连分离、无血化游离、侧压止血、肺动脉预阻断、"镂空"法等系列技术优化与革新,结合"快速康复"理念及"肺癌微创一体化诊治模式",使胸腔镜肺叶切除更加完善。我们与国内外同行一道不断攻克了以上所述胸腔镜肺叶切除的各个难点,并取得了诸多突破。相信随着经验的进一步积累,胸腔镜肺叶切除将逐步成为肺部疾病手术治疗的主流,而传统开胸手术将逐渐升级为胸腔镜肺叶切除的补充。Abstract: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) lobectomy is a less invasive procedure when compared with the traditional thoracotomy. With the development of operative techniques,VATS lobectomy has become a definite procedure for stage I and some stage Ⅱa lung cancer. However, It is still controversial due to operative difficulty whether it is feasible to perform thoracoscopic surgery in anatomic pulmonary segmentectomy, bronchial sleeve lobectomy, bronchial and arterial sleeve lobectomy, large tumor (>5 cm), pneumonectomy and resection of Pancoast tumor. Some difficulties in performing thoracoscopic lobectomy such as:pleural cavity adhesions or atresia, local invasion, interlobar fissure dysplasia, bleeding, as well as "troublesome hilum", were once thought to be indication for conversion to thoracotomy. We proposed a new concept of thoracoscopic lung resection:"single-direction thoracoscopic lobectomy", which has been proved to be simple, safe, and effective and has been widely accepted in our country. In practice, we are still proceeding with further exploration, technical optimization and expanding its application in more complicated lung surgery. For instance, we have developed strategies of "fast recovery" and "mini-invasive diagnosis and synchronous treatment of lung cancer" and a series of stylized techniques such as thoracoscopic adhesiolysis, bloodless technique, suction-compressing angiorrhaphy technique, presumptive control of the main pulmonary artery, hollow-out method in thoracoscopic lobectomy. With accumulative experience utilizing these innovative techniques, we believe that thoracoscopic lobectomy would become the mainstream for surgical management of pulmonary diseases.
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Keywords:
- Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery /
- Lobectomy /
- Lung cancer
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