Abstract: With the rapid development of modern bio-medical technology, the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma has been illustrated with more and more attractive details. The diagnosis of hematological malignancies now becomes more precisely and clarified based on the progress than ever before, and the treatments of hematological malignancies keep the evolution in the way of integrating the novel molecular target drugs with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pivotal progress in the target therapy of hematological malignancies includes tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment of B-cell lymphoma and CD20 positive leukemia, FLT3 inhibitors fo the treatment of FLT3 mutation positive high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia. The topics of this issue focus on the advances in this field, which reflects the new achievements in the research of hematological malignancies, and the trends of precise and stratified diagnosis as well as tailored target therapy in the future.