Abstract: Tumors represent a global public-health concern, accounting for approximately one-sixth of all fatalities worldwide annually. Attaining precise management of patients across all stages of diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance is not merely a significant challenge in contemporary clinical practice but also a crucial strategy for enhancing patient survival rates. In comparison with traditional testing approaches, liquid biopsy offers the benefits of being less invasive and enabling repeated sampling. Through the examination of biological specimens that can be readily and repeatedly obtained from the patient's body, liquid biopsy can furnish information throughout the entire continuum of disease diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up prognosis. Consequently, it emerges as a highly prospective substitute for tissue samples in the minimally invasive, real-time, and comprehensive monitoring of tumors in clinical contexts. This article conducts a systematic review of the common liquid biopsy markers in the oncology field and their latest detection technologies. It encompasses detection schemes for non-blood samples such as cerebrospinal fluid and feces. Moreover, it proposes a novel framework for the precise management of the entire tumor process based on "multi-marker combination + full sample coverage". The article further deliberates on a series of challenges currently encountered in developing liquid biopsy into a mature clinical testing project. These challenges include the standardization of sample testing procedures, the establishment of standardized reporting systems, and how to strike a balance between the popularity of detection methods and cost control, with the aim of promoting the development of liquid biopsy in tumor early screening, treatment innovation, and extensive application. We anticipate constructing a full-chain system spanning from basic research to transformational production and clinical application. We aim to develop an integrated detection platform, establish standardized reporting procedures and a well-established regulatory mechanism, offer patients full-cycle precise management from diagnosis to rehabilitation, and ultimately convert cancer from an "incurable disease" into a "preventable and controllable" chronic disease.