Abstract: Test Methods for Disinfection Products (WS/T 10009—2023), a health industry standard, was officially released by the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration on December 15, 2023. The standard came into effect on May 1, 2024. This standard systematically specifies the testing and evaluation methods for disinfection products, covering three core components—disinfection effect testing and evaluation, physical and chemical testing techniques, and toxicological testing methods. The standard provides an important technical basis for the testing of disinfection products in China. To promote an accurate understanding and effective implementation of the standard, this article focuses on the in-depth interpretation of the section concerning the testing and evaluation methods of disinfection effects. It provides a detailed explanation of the major updates, technical highlights, and scientific rationale behind the standard. The article incorporates discussions on optimizing the validation test methods for the disinfection and sterilization effects of disinfectants, simulated field testing of disinfectants, evaluation of air disinfection effects, and the supplementation and improvement of testing methods for disinfection devices (including sterilization devices). This article aims to provide clear technical guidance for disinfection product inspection personnel, researchers, and other professionals involved, promote the standardized application of the standard, improve the quality of disinfection products, and ensure scientific, effective, and safe disinfection practices.