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生物学衰老可影响中老年群体认知功能的下降速度——基于CHARLS数据的队列研究

Biological Aging Affects the Rate of Cognitive Decline in Middle-aged and Elderly Populations: A Cohort Study Based on CHARLS

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探索中老年群体中生物学衰老与认知功能下降率的关系。
    方法 基于中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）获得纵向的认知功能追踪数据，采用Klemera and Doubal method（KDM）算法估计生物学年龄（biological age, BA），并计算生物学衰老指数（biological aging index, BAI）和衰老类型（biological aging type, BAT）。采用多因素线性回归模型分析基线BAI和BAT与认知功能评分的关系。在基线分析的基础上，使用混合效应模型分析研究对象的基线BAI和BAT与随访期间认知功能的纵向关联。
    结果 共纳入5897名调查对象。BAI与基线认知功能评分呈负向关联，偏回归系数（β）和95%可信区间（confidence interval, CI）为－0.185（－0.231，－0.139），P<0.001。相较于滞后衰老组，提前衰老组的认知功能评分更低〔β（95%CI）：－0.741（－0.966，－0.516）〕。仅调整年龄和性别时，基线BAI每增加1岁，认知功能评分平均每年多下降0.012（95%CI：－0.019，－0.005）分，调整其他协变量后，认知功能评分每年多下降0.011（95%CI：－0.018，－0.004）分；与滞后衰老的研究对象相比，提前衰老的认知功能评分每年平均多下降0.042（95%CI：－0.075，0.009）分，调整其他协变量后，提前衰老组的认知功能评分比滞后衰老组多下降0.039（95%CI：－0.072，－0.007）分/年。
    结论 生物学衰老会影响中老年群体认知功能的下降速度，BAI越大，认知功能的下降速度越快。提前衰老的研究对象的认知功能下降率较滞后衰老更快。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the relationship between biological aging and the rate of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations.
    Methods Longitudinal tracking data of cognitive function were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). We employed the Klemera and Doubal method (KDM) to estimate biological age (BA), and calculate the biological aging index (BAI) and biological aging type (BAT). A multivariate linear regression model was employed to analyze the relationships between baseline BAI, BAT, and cognitive function scores. Based on the baseline analysis, a mixed-effects model was used to examine the longitudinal associations between baseline BAI, BAT, and cognitive function during follow-up.
    Results A total of 5897 participants were included in the study. BAI was found to be negatively associated with baseline cognitive function scores, with the partial regression coefficient (β) (95% CI) being －0.185 (－0.231, －0.139) (P < 0.001). Compared with the lagged aging group, the premature aging group had lower cognitive function scores (β 95% CI: －0.741 －0.966, －0.516). For age and sex, for each additional year of baseline BAI, cognitive function scores declined by an average of 0.012 (95% CI: －0.019, －0.005) points per year after adjusting for age and sex, and declined by 0.011 (95% CI: －0.018, －0.004) points per year after adjusting for other covariates. Compared with participants with lagged aging, those with premature aging experienced, on average, an additional decline of 0.042 (95% CI: －0.075, 0.009) points per year in cognitive function scores after adjusting for age and sex alone, and by 0.039 (95% CI: －0.072, －0.007) points per year after adjusting for other covariates.
    Conclusion Biological aging affects the rate of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations. A higher BAI is associated with a faster decline in cognitive function. Compared with those with lagged aging, individuals with premature aging exhibit a more rapid rate of cognitive decline.

     

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