Abstract: Infertility is a global health issue, and more and more people are hoping to have babies by means of assisted reproductive technology. However, there are still many challenges in fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. Sperm quality is a key factor affecting the success rate of assisted reproduction. Therefore, sperm quality screening is crucial for achieving breakthroughs in assisted reproduction technology. At present, with its capabilities in the field of image recognition, artificial intelligence (AI) is providing new ideas and methods for sperm screening. Various attempts have been made with AI-based models to evaluate indicators such as sperm morphology, DNA quality, and motility level, and some results have been achieved. Herein, we reviewed the application of AI in sperm quality analysis and selection, providing support for the future development of AI and the improvement in the fertilization rate and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology.