Clinical Characteristics of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection Cases in Sichuan, China in 2016–2021: A Retrospective Study
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摘要:目的 分析四川地区非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)感染的菌种分布、临床特点及药敏数据,为非结核分枝杆菌病的防治提供诊治依据。方法 收集2016年7月–2021年7月在成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心就诊的NTM感染病例的临床资料,回顾性分析患者感染特点。结果 最终纳入分析病例264例,其中173例进行NTM药敏试验。四川地区NTM感染具有性别、年龄和基础疾病差异,其中AIDS以20~40岁中青年男性易感,肺部疾病以>60岁老年男性易感,支气管扩张以>40岁中老年女性易感。呼吸道是NTM感染的主要途径。四川地区NTM优势菌种是龟/脓肿分枝杆菌。鸟、龟/脓肿分枝杆菌耐药率较高。结论 不同人口学特点及基础疾病患者NTM感染时其感染部位、菌种、耐药性等特点均不同。明确病原学诊断是NTM感染治疗中的关键,应重视不同的NTM感染时采用个性化的治疗方案。Abstract:Objective To study the distribution of nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) strains, clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity data of NTM infections so as to provide support for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by NTM infection in Sichuan.Methods The clinical data of NTM infection cases treated at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between July 2016 and July 2021 were collected and the characteristics of the infections were retrospectively reviewed.Results There were differences in sex, age and underlying diseases among the NTM infection cases in Sichuan. Specifically, young and middle-aged men aged between 20 and 40 were susceptible to AIDS, older men aged over 60 were susceptible to lung diseases, and middle-aged and older women over 40 were susceptible to bronchiectasis. Respiratory tract was the main route of NTM infection. The dominant strain in Sichuan was M. chelonae/abscessus. The drug resistance rate of M. avium and M. chelonae/abscessus were relatively higher.Conclusion For NTM infection patients with different demographic characteristics and underlying diseases, the NTM infection sites, strains, and drug resistance are also different. Definite etiological diagnosis is essential to the treatment of NTM infection. We should highlight the importance of adopting individualized treatment for different NTM infections.
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非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculous mycobacteria
, NTM)是条件致病菌,在免疫抑制患者中易致肺部感染、淋巴结炎和组织感染[1]。NTM感染的临床表现、痰涂片及胸部影像学与结核病相似,但感染治疗方案不同[2],易误诊误治。另外,NTM的药敏数据较少,导致临床治疗NTM感染依据欠缺[3]。 随着HIV感染、器官移植、免疫抑制剂使用等增多,NTM感染率逐年上升。我国第五次结核病流行情况调查显示NTM分离率达22.9%[4]。NTM分布存在明显地域差异,如胞内分枝杆菌在我国东部地区分离率为31.3%,南部地区为9.7%,而脓肿分枝杆菌在东部、南部地区的分离率分别为19.5%和25.9%[5-6],但目前缺乏西南地区NTM感染数据。本研究旨在分析四川地区NTM感染临床资料、实验室数据以及危险因素,为NTM感染诊治提供依据。
1. 材料和方法
1.1 研究对象
2017年7月–2021年7月在成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心(三级甲等传染病专科医院)就诊,经分离鉴定为NTM感染的病例。纳入标准:根据《非结核分枝杆菌病诊断与治疗指南 (2020年版)》[7],临床诊断确定为NTM感染病例。排除标准:①同一患者同一部位分离到重复菌株;②非中国国籍;③NTM定植病例。本研究已获得四川大学华西医院医学伦理委员会批准(No.[2017Y] 025)。
1.2 患者资料
包括人口学数据、感染数据、实验室检查数据、临床转归等。
1.3 培养与鉴定
NTM培养使用MGITTM 960分枝杆菌培养系统及配套试剂(美国BD医疗器械有效公司)、罗琴培养基(中国珠海贝索生物技术有限公司)。菌种初步鉴定采用对硝基苯甲酸(PNB)和噻吩-2-羧酸肼(TCH)鉴别培养基(中国珠海贝索生物技术有限公司)。菌种最终鉴定使用分枝杆菌菌种鉴定试剂盒(中国北京博奥生物有限公司)。
1.4 药物敏感性试验
药物敏感性测定使用微孔板MIC法NTM药敏板条(中国珠海银科医学工程有限公司)。检测药物包括利福平、克拉霉素、亚胺培南/西司他丁、阿奇霉素、利奈唑胺、阿米卡星、乙胺丁醇、利福布丁、头孢西丁、妥布霉素、莫西沙星、加替沙星、多西环素、米洛环素及复方磺胺甲噁唑,共15种。药物折点参照美国临床和实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, CLSI)M24-A2[8]标准执行。
1.5 统计学方法
正态分布的计量数据采用
$ \bar x \pm s $ 表示,非正态分布的采用中位数(四分位间距)表示,分类变量采用例数及百分比表示,两组间比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。2. 结果
2017年7月–2021年7月在我院行分枝杆菌培养98879例。阳性27219例(27.5%),其中17729例病例行菌种鉴定,去除重复株后鉴定出NTM 487例(2.75%),排除外国国籍病例1例,定植病例222例,最终纳入分析病例264例,其中173例进行NTM药敏试验。
2.1 患者资料
264例NTM感染病例平均年龄(49.5±17.2)岁,男女性别比为1.44:1,汉族243例(92.0%),少数民族21例(7.96%)。居住地构成包括城镇187例(70.8%),农村77例(29.2%)。不同年龄段不同性别病例NTM感染率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);同性别不同年龄、不同病史间也显示出统计学差异(P<0.05)。男性有AIDS感染、肺部基础疾病易感,女性有支气管扩张易感,其中AIDS感染的男性以20~40岁中青年居多,有肺部基础疾病以>60岁老年男性多见,有支气管扩张的以>40岁中老年女性为主。临床转归未发现性别差异。见表1。
表 1 不同性别NTM病例一般情况及基础疾病Table 1. General information and underlining diseases of NTM casesVariable Total (n=264) Male (n=156) Female (n=108) P Age/case (%) <20 yr. 9 (3.4) 6 (3.85) 3 (2.8) 0.003 20-40 yr. 72 (27.3) 43 (27.6) 29 (26.9) <0.001 41-60 yr. 106 (40.2) 62 (39.7) 44 (40.7) <0.001 >60 yr. 77 (29.2) 45 (28.8) 32 (29.6) <0.001 Previous tuberculosis or Tuberculosis
exposure history/case (%)149 (56.4) 87 (55.8) 62 (47.4) 0.792 AIDS/case (%) 39 (14.8) 33 (21.2) 6 (5.6) <0.001 Hypertension/case (%) 13 (4.9) 6 (3.8) 7 (6.5) 0.331 Diabetes/case (%) 16 (6.1) 14 (9.00) 2 (1.9) 0.017 Bronchiectasia/case (%) 48 (18.2) 17 (10.9) 31 (28.7) <0.001 COPD/case (%) 10 (3.8) 6 (3.8) 4 (3.7) 0.612 Other lung diseases/case (%)* 17 (6.4) 12 (7.7) 5 (4.6) 0.319 Readmission/case (%) 48 (18.2) 28 (17.9) 20 (18.5) 0.906 AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. * Pulmonary aspergillosis, silicosis, dust exposure history, pulmonary bullae, and emphysema. 2.2 菌种构成
264例鉴定到种水平的NTM菌株,依次为龟/脓肿分枝杆菌82株(31.1%),鸟分枝杆菌70株(26.5%),胞内分枝杆菌70株(26.5%),堪萨斯分枝杆菌16株(6.1%),其他分枝杆菌26株(9.9%)。见图1。
2.3 感染类型分析
264例NTM病例以呼吸系统感染为主,其次为皮肤、软组织、泌尿系统、消化系统。呼吸系统标本依次为痰(213/264,80.7%),纤支镜/肺泡灌洗液(37/264,14.0%),胸水(1/264,0.38%)。不同感染类型的NTM菌种构成见表2。
表 2 不同感染类型的NTM菌种构成 (n=264)Table 2. Composition of NTM strains in different types of infections (n=264)Strain Respiratory tract/case (%) Urinary tract/case (%) Skin and tissue/case (%) Digestive tract/case (%) M. avium 64 (25.5) 1 (25.0) 5 (62.5) 0 M. chelonae/abscessus 81 (32.3) 1 (25.0) 0 0 M.intracellulare 67 (26.7) 1 (25.0) 2 (25.0) 0 M.kansasii 14 (5.6) 1 (25.0) 1 (12.5) 0 Others 25 (9.9) 0 0 1 (100) Total 251 (95.5) 4 (1.52) 8 (3.0) 1 (0.4) 2.4 不同NTM感染菌种基础疾病情况
264例病例NTM感染菌种和基础疾病情况见表3。结核感染史/接触史人群中的龟/脓肿分枝杆菌(32.9%)和胞内分枝杆菌最多(32.2%),HIV感染者以鸟分枝杆菌最常见(69.2%)。呼吸道相关疾病中,支气管扩张患者龟/脓肿分枝杆菌分离率最高(45.8%)。鸟分枝杆菌感染病例易发生分枝杆菌病复发而再次入院(P<0.05),见表3。
表 3 不同NTM菌种的感染特点Table 3. Infection characteristics of different NTM strainsClinical situation M. avium
(n=70)M. chelonae/abscessus
(n=82)M.intracellulare
(n=70)M.kansasii
(n=16)Others
(n=26)Hypertension/case (%) 4 (30.8) 0a 8 (61.5) 1 (7.7) 0 Diabetes/case (%) 6 (37.5) 2 (12.5) 4 (25.0) 2 (12.5) 2 (12.5) Previous tuberculosis or Tuberculosis
exposure history/case (%)23 (15.4) 49 (32.9)a 48 (32.2)a 7 (4.7) 22 (14.8)d AIDS/case (%) 27 (69.2) 1 (3.3)a 4 (10.3)a 4 (10.3)b, c 3 (7.7)a, b COPD/case (%) 4 (40.0) 2 (20.0) 4 (40.0) 0 0 Bronchiectasia/case (%) 10 (20.8) 22 (45.8) 16 (33.3) 0b, c 0b, c, d Readmission/case (%) 23 (47.9) 10 (20.8)a 12 (25.0)a 1 (2.1)a 2 (4.2) AIDS and COPD: The denotations are the same as those in table 1. a P<0.05, vs. M. avium; b P<0.05, vs. M. chelonae/abscessus ; c P<0.05, vs. M. intracellulare; d P<0.05, vs. M. kansasii. 2.5 实验室检查
对264例NTM患者的实验室检查数据进行分析,不同菌种的C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、降钙素原、CD4+淋巴细胞差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数未发现差异有统计学意义。见表4。
表 4 不同NTM菌种的实验室数据分析Table 4. Laboratory data of different NTM strainsLaboratory data M. avium
(n=70)M. chelonae/abscessus (n=82) M.intracellulare (n=70) M.kansasii (n=16) Others
(n=26)WBC/109 L-1* 6.76±3.42 6.03±2.02 6.43±2.68 6.27±2.65 5.98±2.71 NEUT/109 L-1* 4.81±3.11 4.05±1.79 4.56±2.60 4.21±2.41 4.17±2.84 CRP/(mg/L)# 14.61 (2.64, 40.53) 1.77 (0.80, 7.95)a 10.06 (1.62, 27.73)b 7.31 (0.80, 54.40) 1.73 (0.80, 9.54)a ESR/(mm/1 h)# 45 (20, 83) 20 (8, 35)a 32 (18, 64)a, b 39 (25, 72)b 9 (4, 44)a PCT/(μg/L)# 0.07 (0.03, 0.30) 0.04 (0.03, 0.07)a 0.03 (0.02, 0.06)a 0.05 (0.03, 0.50) 0.05 (0.03, 0.10) CD4+/μL-1# 162 (67, 442) 430 (327, 608)a 399 (249, 582)a 540 (90, 858) 554 (211, 732)a *: $\bar x \pm s $; #: Median (P25, P75). WBC: White blood cell count; NEUT: Neutrophil count; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PCT: Procalcitonin; CD4+: CD4 lymphocytes. a P<0.05, vs. M. avium; b P<0.05, vs. M. chelonae/abscessus. 2.6 耐药情况
对173例NTM菌株进行药敏试验,NTM菌株对部分抗菌药物表现出高耐药率,如亚胺培南/西司他丁(97.7%),多西环素(94.2%),复方磺胺甲噁唑(91.3%)。不同菌种对不同抗生素耐药率不一,耐药率较高的菌种包括鸟分枝杆菌和龟/脓肿分枝杆菌,对亚胺培南/西司他丁、多西环素、米洛环素、复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率均超过93.0%。见表5。
表 5 NTM菌株耐药性统计Table 5. Statistics of drug resistance of the NTM strainsAntibiotics Total drug resistance rate
(n=173)M. avium
(n=47)M. chelonae/abscessus
(n=51)M.intracellulare
(n=43)M.kansasii
(n=12)Others
(n=20)RD/case (%) 84 (48.6) 16 (34.0) 46 (90.2) 14 (32.6) 3 (25.0) 4 (20.0) CLR/case (%) 54 (31.2) 10 (21.3) 31 (60.8) 8 (18.6) 1 (8.33) 4 (20.0) (IMI/CIL)/case (%) 169 (97.7) 45 (95.7) 51 (100.0) 43 (100.0) 11 (91.7) 18 (90.0) AZM/case (%) 104 (60.1) 31 (66.0) 38 (74.5) 26 (60.5) 2 (16.7) 7 (35.0) LZD/case (%) 57 (32.9) 20 (42.6) 21 (41.2) 15 (34.9) 0 1 (5.0) AK/case (%) 38 (22.0) 6 (12.8) 23 (45.1) 6 (14.0) 0 3 (25.0) EMB/case (%) 100 (57.8) 27 (57.4) 49 (96.1) 15 (34.9) 2 (16.7) 8 (40.0) Rfb/case (%) 102 (59.0) 24 (51.1) 47 (92.2) 23 (53.5) 2 (16.7) 6 (30.0) FOX/case (%) 102 (59.0) 31 (66.0) 25 (49.0) 28 (65.1) 12 (100.0) 5 (25.0) TOB/case (%) 96 (55.5) 16 (34.0) 45 (88.2) 14 (32.6) 10 (83.3) 13 (65.0) MFX/case (%) 60 (34.7) 14 (29.8) 41 (80.4) 4 (9.30) 0 1 (5.0) GAT/case (%) 122 (70.5) 36 (76.6) 49 (96.1) 31 (72.1) 1 (8.22) 7 (35.0) DOX/case (%) 163 (94.2) 46 (97.9) 51 (100.0) 42 (97.7) 10 (83.3) 15 (75.0) MH/case (%) 154 (89.0) 46 (97.9) 50 (98.0) 42 (97.7) 3 (25.0) 14 (70.0) SMZ/case (%) 158 (91.3) 44 (93.6) 50 (98.0) 39 (90.7) 9 (75.0) 16 (80.0) RD: Rifampin; CLR: Clarithromycin; IMI/CIL: Imipenem/cilastatin; AZM: Azithromycin; LZD: Linezolid; AK: Amikacin; EMB: Ethambutol; Rfb: Rifabutin; FOX: Cefoxitin; TOB: Tobramycin; MFX: Moxifloxacin; GAT: Gatifloxacin; DOX: Doxycycline; MH: Milocycline; SMZ: Sulfamethoxazole. 3. 讨论
四川位于中国西南,人口众多,地区和民族差异大。本研究报道了西南地区NTM感染患者的人口学特点和临床特征。本研究中NTM分离率为2.75%,低于重庆5.7%[9]和广州30.3%[10]的分离率,可能与地域差异有关。
研究表明[11],不同年龄组NTM发病率不同,并且表现出性别差异。本研究在<20岁、20~40岁、41~60岁、>60岁年龄段中均发现性别差异(P<0.001),说明中国西南地区NTM感染以男性多见,与既往[12] 以老年绝经期女性多见不同,原因应与NTM分布的地域[13]及人种[14] 差异有关。同性别患者有不同基础疾病时,存在NTM易感性差异。本研究中AIDS易感患者为20~40岁中青年男性,与报道[15]的四川地区新发HIV患者为50岁以上中老年男性不同,可能与纳入研究的人群不同有关。糖尿病是NTM病的易感因素[16],在本研究中表现出性别差异,可能与就诊病例的特殊性有一定关系。支气管扩张患者气道受损,为NTM提供有利的生长微环境。本研究中支气管扩张患者NTM分离率为18.2%,高于我国整体11.2%的分离率[17],男女比例1∶1.82,女性发病年龄(57.5±14.3)岁,与既往研究相符[18]。不同NTM菌种合并不同基础疾病时也存在差异,提示NTM菌种毒力与机体抵抗力差异存在互作关系[19]。AIDS患者鸟分枝杆菌分离率达69.2%,与既往研究相符[7]。
NTM的分布受到温度和湿度等多种因素影响,具有地域差异[13]。我国多中心研究表明,东部地区的主要NTM是胞内分枝杆菌,南部为脓肿分枝杆菌[6],北部为鸟分枝杆菌[13, 20],西部地区数据缺乏。本研究中排名前三的分别是龟/脓肿分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌和胞内分枝杆菌,提示中国西南地区的NTM优势菌种是龟/脓肿分枝杆菌。NTM为条件致病菌,从非无菌标本中分离的NTM须结合临床判定[21],本研究说明呼吸道是NTM感染的主要途径,消化道分离到NTM提示消化道中可能原有NTM定植[22]。本研究中,皮肤、软组织中分离到鸟分枝杆菌、胞内分枝杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌,与之前报道引起皮肤及软组织脓肿的主要菌种为脓肿分枝杆菌、龟分枝杆菌、偶发分枝杆菌、海分枝杆菌等[23-24]略有不同。
研究显示, HIV感染者CD4+ T细胞降至50细胞/μL以下时发生播散性NTM病以鸟分枝杆菌感染为主[7],提示免疫功能缺陷病例由于CD4+ T细胞介导的免疫反应[25]和激活巨噬细胞杀灭NTM功能减弱[26],可导致NTM反复感染。本研究中鸟分枝杆菌感染病例有27例(69.2%)为AIDS患者,实验室检查结果提示其CD4+淋巴细胞低于其他分枝杆菌感染病例(P<0.001),可导致该类病例发生鸟分枝杆菌反复感染而多次入院。
克拉霉素和阿米卡星对鸟分枝杆菌具有较强的抗菌作用[27]。本研究中鸟分枝杆菌对克拉霉素的耐药率为21.3%,阿米卡星为12.8%,提示西南地区在鸟分枝杆菌病的治疗上可选用此两种抗生素。但克拉霉素可诱导大环内酯类erm基因表达上调[28]及23S rRNA基因突变增加[29],因此需要长期监控体外药敏试验结果,警惕大环内酯类和阿米卡星耐药。堪萨斯分枝杆菌未发现对大环内酯类、莫西沙星和利奈唑胺耐药,与既往报道相符[27, 30]。指南[7]提出脓肿分枝杆菌最耐药,难治疗[31],其亚种对克拉霉素反应不同[32]。本研究中龟/脓肿分枝杆菌对多种抗生素的耐药率均高于90%,对亚胺培南/西司他丁、多西环素的耐药率高达100%,克拉霉素为60.8%,对利奈唑胺、阿米卡星、头孢西丁耐药率相对较低,分别为41.2%、45.1%和49.0%,因此在龟/脓肿分枝杆菌的治疗上更应注意,谨慎抗菌药物滥用。
NTM种类多,对不同性别、年龄及基础疾病人群的易感性不一,同时NTM的获得性耐药率较高,其耐药模式因菌种不同而有所差异,因此治疗前的菌种鉴定和药敏试验结果十分重要,应进一步加强NTM菌种鉴定及耐药机制的研究,为不同NTM感染制定科学有效的治疗措施,从而帮助临床推进NTM治疗方案的优化。
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利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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表 1 不同性别NTM病例一般情况及基础疾病
Table 1 General information and underlining diseases of NTM cases
Variable Total (n=264) Male (n=156) Female (n=108) P Age/case (%) <20 yr. 9 (3.4) 6 (3.85) 3 (2.8) 0.003 20-40 yr. 72 (27.3) 43 (27.6) 29 (26.9) <0.001 41-60 yr. 106 (40.2) 62 (39.7) 44 (40.7) <0.001 >60 yr. 77 (29.2) 45 (28.8) 32 (29.6) <0.001 Previous tuberculosis or Tuberculosis
exposure history/case (%)149 (56.4) 87 (55.8) 62 (47.4) 0.792 AIDS/case (%) 39 (14.8) 33 (21.2) 6 (5.6) <0.001 Hypertension/case (%) 13 (4.9) 6 (3.8) 7 (6.5) 0.331 Diabetes/case (%) 16 (6.1) 14 (9.00) 2 (1.9) 0.017 Bronchiectasia/case (%) 48 (18.2) 17 (10.9) 31 (28.7) <0.001 COPD/case (%) 10 (3.8) 6 (3.8) 4 (3.7) 0.612 Other lung diseases/case (%)* 17 (6.4) 12 (7.7) 5 (4.6) 0.319 Readmission/case (%) 48 (18.2) 28 (17.9) 20 (18.5) 0.906 AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. * Pulmonary aspergillosis, silicosis, dust exposure history, pulmonary bullae, and emphysema. 表 2 不同感染类型的NTM菌种构成 (n=264)
Table 2 Composition of NTM strains in different types of infections (n=264)
Strain Respiratory tract/case (%) Urinary tract/case (%) Skin and tissue/case (%) Digestive tract/case (%) M. avium 64 (25.5) 1 (25.0) 5 (62.5) 0 M. chelonae/abscessus 81 (32.3) 1 (25.0) 0 0 M.intracellulare 67 (26.7) 1 (25.0) 2 (25.0) 0 M.kansasii 14 (5.6) 1 (25.0) 1 (12.5) 0 Others 25 (9.9) 0 0 1 (100) Total 251 (95.5) 4 (1.52) 8 (3.0) 1 (0.4) 表 3 不同NTM菌种的感染特点
Table 3 Infection characteristics of different NTM strains
Clinical situation M. avium
(n=70)M. chelonae/abscessus
(n=82)M.intracellulare
(n=70)M.kansasii
(n=16)Others
(n=26)Hypertension/case (%) 4 (30.8) 0a 8 (61.5) 1 (7.7) 0 Diabetes/case (%) 6 (37.5) 2 (12.5) 4 (25.0) 2 (12.5) 2 (12.5) Previous tuberculosis or Tuberculosis
exposure history/case (%)23 (15.4) 49 (32.9)a 48 (32.2)a 7 (4.7) 22 (14.8)d AIDS/case (%) 27 (69.2) 1 (3.3)a 4 (10.3)a 4 (10.3)b, c 3 (7.7)a, b COPD/case (%) 4 (40.0) 2 (20.0) 4 (40.0) 0 0 Bronchiectasia/case (%) 10 (20.8) 22 (45.8) 16 (33.3) 0b, c 0b, c, d Readmission/case (%) 23 (47.9) 10 (20.8)a 12 (25.0)a 1 (2.1)a 2 (4.2) AIDS and COPD: The denotations are the same as those in table 1. a P<0.05, vs. M. avium; b P<0.05, vs. M. chelonae/abscessus ; c P<0.05, vs. M. intracellulare; d P<0.05, vs. M. kansasii. 表 4 不同NTM菌种的实验室数据分析
Table 4 Laboratory data of different NTM strains
Laboratory data M. avium
(n=70)M. chelonae/abscessus (n=82) M.intracellulare (n=70) M.kansasii (n=16) Others
(n=26)WBC/109 L-1* 6.76±3.42 6.03±2.02 6.43±2.68 6.27±2.65 5.98±2.71 NEUT/109 L-1* 4.81±3.11 4.05±1.79 4.56±2.60 4.21±2.41 4.17±2.84 CRP/(mg/L)# 14.61 (2.64, 40.53) 1.77 (0.80, 7.95)a 10.06 (1.62, 27.73)b 7.31 (0.80, 54.40) 1.73 (0.80, 9.54)a ESR/(mm/1 h)# 45 (20, 83) 20 (8, 35)a 32 (18, 64)a, b 39 (25, 72)b 9 (4, 44)a PCT/(μg/L)# 0.07 (0.03, 0.30) 0.04 (0.03, 0.07)a 0.03 (0.02, 0.06)a 0.05 (0.03, 0.50) 0.05 (0.03, 0.10) CD4+/μL-1# 162 (67, 442) 430 (327, 608)a 399 (249, 582)a 540 (90, 858) 554 (211, 732)a *: $\bar x \pm s $; #: Median (P25, P75). WBC: White blood cell count; NEUT: Neutrophil count; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PCT: Procalcitonin; CD4+: CD4 lymphocytes. a P<0.05, vs. M. avium; b P<0.05, vs. M. chelonae/abscessus. 表 5 NTM菌株耐药性统计
Table 5 Statistics of drug resistance of the NTM strains
Antibiotics Total drug resistance rate
(n=173)M. avium
(n=47)M. chelonae/abscessus
(n=51)M.intracellulare
(n=43)M.kansasii
(n=12)Others
(n=20)RD/case (%) 84 (48.6) 16 (34.0) 46 (90.2) 14 (32.6) 3 (25.0) 4 (20.0) CLR/case (%) 54 (31.2) 10 (21.3) 31 (60.8) 8 (18.6) 1 (8.33) 4 (20.0) (IMI/CIL)/case (%) 169 (97.7) 45 (95.7) 51 (100.0) 43 (100.0) 11 (91.7) 18 (90.0) AZM/case (%) 104 (60.1) 31 (66.0) 38 (74.5) 26 (60.5) 2 (16.7) 7 (35.0) LZD/case (%) 57 (32.9) 20 (42.6) 21 (41.2) 15 (34.9) 0 1 (5.0) AK/case (%) 38 (22.0) 6 (12.8) 23 (45.1) 6 (14.0) 0 3 (25.0) EMB/case (%) 100 (57.8) 27 (57.4) 49 (96.1) 15 (34.9) 2 (16.7) 8 (40.0) Rfb/case (%) 102 (59.0) 24 (51.1) 47 (92.2) 23 (53.5) 2 (16.7) 6 (30.0) FOX/case (%) 102 (59.0) 31 (66.0) 25 (49.0) 28 (65.1) 12 (100.0) 5 (25.0) TOB/case (%) 96 (55.5) 16 (34.0) 45 (88.2) 14 (32.6) 10 (83.3) 13 (65.0) MFX/case (%) 60 (34.7) 14 (29.8) 41 (80.4) 4 (9.30) 0 1 (5.0) GAT/case (%) 122 (70.5) 36 (76.6) 49 (96.1) 31 (72.1) 1 (8.22) 7 (35.0) DOX/case (%) 163 (94.2) 46 (97.9) 51 (100.0) 42 (97.7) 10 (83.3) 15 (75.0) MH/case (%) 154 (89.0) 46 (97.9) 50 (98.0) 42 (97.7) 3 (25.0) 14 (70.0) SMZ/case (%) 158 (91.3) 44 (93.6) 50 (98.0) 39 (90.7) 9 (75.0) 16 (80.0) RD: Rifampin; CLR: Clarithromycin; IMI/CIL: Imipenem/cilastatin; AZM: Azithromycin; LZD: Linezolid; AK: Amikacin; EMB: Ethambutol; Rfb: Rifabutin; FOX: Cefoxitin; TOB: Tobramycin; MFX: Moxifloxacin; GAT: Gatifloxacin; DOX: Doxycycline; MH: Milocycline; SMZ: Sulfamethoxazole. -
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