基于供需适配性理论的四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务分析

刘敏; 沈紫琼; 洪彬雪; 雷雅麟; 宋超; 任晓晖; 赵莉

doi:10.12182/20220760104

基于供需适配性理论的四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务分析

Analysis of Nursery Services for Children under 3 in Sichuan Province Based on the Theory of Supply and Demand Adaptability

摘要

摘要:
目的分析四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务供给与需求适配情况，为优化四川省婴幼儿照护服务提供策略建议。
方法采用婴幼儿照护机构问卷和家庭需求问卷，收集四川省全部21个市（州）婴幼儿照护服务供给与需求相关数据。应用供需适配性理论，从相关性、相适性、可及性及质量四个维度分析四川省婴幼儿照护服务供需适配性情况。
结果共纳入有效机构问卷6883份，有效家庭问卷41081份。供需适配性分析显示四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务在相关性、相适性、可及性和质量四个维度均存在适配性不足，表现为供给不足与服务利用不充分并存、所提供服务结构与育儿家庭需求不匹配、群众经济可及性低和服务质量不高。
结论四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务供给与需求适配性不足，应以需求为导向，从供给侧改革出发，推动普惠性托育服务体系建设、加强家庭婴幼儿照护支持、规范婴幼儿照护机构管理、落实各项配套支持政策，全面满足婴幼儿照护的多样化需求，促进婴幼儿健康成长。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the supply and demand adaptation of nursery care services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province and to provide strategic suggestions for optimizing nursery care services in Sichuan Province.
Methods Data on the supply and demand of nursery school services in all 21 cities (prefectures) of Sichuan Province were collected with questionnaires for nursery care institutions and family needs questionnaires. Applying the theory of supply and demand adaptability, we analyzed the adaptability of nursery care services in Sichuan Province in four dimensions, including relevance, adaptability, accessibility and quality.
Results A total of 6883 valid institutional questionnaires and 41081 valid family questionnaires were collected. The analysis of the adaptability of supply and demand showed that there was insufficient adaptability in all four dimensions of relevance, adaptability, accessibility, and quality of nursery care services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province, which was characterized by the coexistence of insufficient supply and underutilization of services, the mismatch between the structure of services provided and the needs of families with children under 3, low economic accessibility for the general population, and low quality of services.
Conclusion There is insufficient adaptability in the supply and demand of nursery care services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province. Demand-oriented supply-side reforms should be implemented to promote the construction of a system of government-subsidized affordable nursery care services, reinforced support for the care of infants and toddlers for families, standardized management of infant and toddler care institutions, and the implementation of various supportive policies so as to comprehensively meet the diversified needs of infant and toddler care and promote their healthy growth.

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