Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to ravage the world, posing great challenges to the public health system and threatening the health and survival of humans. The outbreak of COVID-19 leaves us with much to reflect on and calls on our attention to respiratory infectious diseases, especially new outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases that are zoonotic. The importance of identifying viral pathogens should be highlighted because it is related to the prevention and treatment strategy of childhood pneumonia. Due to the highly infectious nature of COVID-19, the rapid mutation of the virus, and the lack of specific drugs, vaccines are currently the most effective means of prevention, and a global immune barrier must be established as soon as possible.