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Feasibility Study of Ultra-High-Resolution Low-Dose Temporal Bone CT with 1 024×1 024 Reconstruction Matrix Size
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摘要:目的 探讨颞骨低剂量CT扫描结合1 024 × 1 024矩阵重建的可行性及重建矩阵大小对图像质量的影响。方法 采用联影160层CT对12具成年男性离体头颅标本分别行常规剂量和低剂量双侧颞骨CT扫描。常规剂量CT采用512×512矩阵和1 024×1 024矩阵重建两组图像，低剂量CT采用1 024×1 024矩阵重建一组图像。比较三组图像的CT值、噪声、信噪比、对比噪声比、15个颞骨解剖结构的可视化评分以及听骨链三维重建结果。结果 低剂量组辐射剂量较常规剂量组降低约50%。常规剂量512×512矩阵、 1 024×1 024矩阵和低剂量1 024×1 024矩阵三组图像空气、软组织和骨的CT值差异均无统计学意义。低剂量1 024×1 024矩阵图像噪声较大，但对于颞骨结构的显示远优于传统常规剂量512×512矩阵图像。常规剂量1 024×1 024矩阵和低剂量1 024×1 024矩阵的三维重建较理想且无明显差距，均可清晰展示锤骨、砧骨、镫骨、耳蜗和迷路的形态、大小、相对位置关系以及听骨链在颅中的定位。结论 采用1 024×1 024矩阵重建行颞骨低剂量CT检查可有效降低辐射剂量，与常规剂量512×512矩阵图像相比，可显著提升图像空间分辨率和颞骨解剖结构可视化。Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility of low-dose CT scan of the temporal bone combined with reconstruction matrix size of 1 024×1 024 and the effect of the reconstruction matrix size on image quality.Methods Normal-dose and low-dose bilateral temporal bone CT scans were performed on twelve adult male cadaveric skull specimens using the 160-slice multi-detector CT scanning of United Imaging Healthcare. Normal-dose CT images were reconstructed with matrix sizes of 512×512 and 1 024×1 024, while low-dose CT images were reconstructed with the matrix size of 1 024×1 024. CT value, noise, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, the visualization scoring of 15 anatomical structures of the temporal bone, and the result of three-dimensional reconstruction of the ossicular chain were compared among the three groups.Results The radiation dose of low-dose CT scanning was reduced by about 50% compared with that of normal-dose CT. There was no significant difference in CT values of air, soft tissues and bones among the three groups. Low-dose temporal bone CT with the matrix size of 1 024×1 024 had higher noise, but much better visualization of temporal bone structure than the normal-dose temporal bone CT with matrix size of 512×512. Both the three-dimensional reconstructions of normal-dose and low-dose 1 024×1 024 matrix images were satisfactory and showed no significant difference. The morphology, size and relative position of malleus, incus, stapes, cochlea, and labyrinth, as well as the location of the ossicular chain in the cranium were all clearly displayed.Conclusion Low-dose temporal bone CT with the matrix size of 1 024×1 024 can be used to effectively reduce the radiation dose and significantly improve the spatial resolution and the visualization of the temporal bone anatomical structures compared with the normal-dose temporal bone CT with a matrix size of 512×512.
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Keywords:
- Temporal bone /
- Low dose /
- Computed tomography
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图 1 听骨链的三维重建及其在颅中的定位
Figure 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of ossicular chain and its localization in the skull
a: Normal-dose CT images with matrix size of 512×512; b: Normal-dose CT images with matrix size of 1 024×1 024; c: Low-dose CT images with matrix size of 1 024×1 024. A: Anterior; P: Posterior; F: Feet; R: Right.
表 1 两组辐射剂量比较（n=12）
Table 1 Radiation dose in two groups (n=12)
Group CTDIVOL/mGy DLP/(mGy·cm) ED/mSv Normal dose 37.71±0.01 973.27±24.39 3.01±0.08 Low dose 18.87±0.01 487.11±12.21 1.51±0.04 t 4691.65 43.648 43.648 P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 CTDIVOL: Volume CT dose index; DLP: Dose-length product; ED: Effective dose. 
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表 2 三种重建方式的CT值、噪声、SNR和CNR（n=12）
Table 2 CT value, image noise, SNR and CNR obtained for three reconstruction types (n=12)
Index ND-512 group ND-1024 group LD-1024 group CT value/HU Air −956.4±6.8 −952.6±16.3 −944.9±17.7 Brainstem 42.2±3.7 45.3±6.1 45.4±4.7 Temporal bone 1631.1±135.5 1625.1±125.5 1605.2±141.5 Noise/HU Air 14.1±6.1△△, # 57.5±8.8 72.6±13.9△ Brainstem 10.8±1.2△△, # 68.8±6.9 96.6±12.1△△ Temporal bone 37.9±14.4△△, # 102.2±10.3 129.9±18.4△△ SNR Air 80.4±28.5△△, # 16.9±2.8 13.5±2.7 Brainstem 3.9±0.3△△, # 0.7±0.1 0.5±0.1△ Temporal bone 48.6±17.2△△, # 16.1±2.1 12.6±2.0 CNR 47.3±16.7△△, # 15.6±2.1 12.2±1.9 SNR: Signal-to-noise ratio; CNR: Contrast-to-noise ratio; ND-512: Normal-dose CT with matrix size of 512×512; ND-1024: Normal-dose CT with matrix size of 1 024×1 024; LD-1024: Low-dose CT with matrix size of 1 024×1 024. △P<0.05, △△P<0.001, vs. ND-1024 group; #P<0.001, vs. LD-1024 group.
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表 3 解剖结构主观评分比较（n=12）
Table 3 Comparison of subjective scores of anatomical structures (n=12)
Subjective score ND-512 group ND-1024 group LD-1024 group Cochlea 3.1±0.9△△, # 4.1±0.7 4.0±0.6 Spiral osseous lamina 2.9±1.0△△, # 3.9±0.7 3.8±0.6 Modiolus 2.7±0.9△, # 3.6±0.7 3.5.±0.5 Labyrinth 2.8±0.8△△, ## 4.0±0.6 3.9±0.6 Vestibular aqueduct 2.5±0.9△, # 3.5±0.6 3.4±0.5 Cochlear nerve canal 2.3±0.9△△, ## 3.7±0.6 3.6±0.4 Internal auditory canal 3.6±0.5△△, ## 4.7±0.5 4.8±0.4 Facial nerve canal, cochlear segment 3.0±0.9△, ## 3.9±0.8 4.0±0.8 Facial nerve canal, tympanic segment 3.0±0.8△, # 4.0±0.7 3.9±0.8 Facial nerve canal, mastoid segment 3.1±0.7△, # 3.8±0.7 3.7±0.8 Malleus 3.1±0.6△△, ## 4.0±0.7 4.1±0.6 Incus 2.8±0.8△△, # 4.0±0.8 3.8±0.9 Stapes 1.9±0.7△△, ## 3.1±0.7 2.9±0.5 Round window 3.1±0.6△△, # 4.0±0.7 3.9±0.7 Oval window 3.2±0.8△ 3.9±0.8 3.8±0.8 ND-512: Normal-dose CT with matrix size of 512×512; ND-1024: Normal-dose CT with matrix size of 1 024×1 024; LD-1024: Low-dose CT with matrix size of 1 024×1 024. △P<0.05, △△P<0.001, vs. ND-1024 group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.001, vs. LD-1024 group.
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