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伴远处转移T1期肾癌原发灶行减瘤性肾部分切除术与减瘤性根治性肾切除术的生存分析

熊三钞, 邵彦翔, 胡旭, 杨为潇, 窦卫超, 李响

熊三钞, 邵彦翔, 胡旭, 等. 伴远处转移T1期肾癌原发灶行减瘤性肾部分切除术与减瘤性根治性肾切除术的生存分析[J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2020, 51(4): 546-551. DOI: 10.12182/20200760204
引用本文: 熊三钞, 邵彦翔, 胡旭, 等. 伴远处转移T1期肾癌原发灶行减瘤性肾部分切除术与减瘤性根治性肾切除术的生存分析[J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2020, 51(4): 546-551. DOI: 10.12182/20200760204
XIONG San-chao, SHAO Yan-xiang, HU Xu, et al. Cytoreductive Partial Nephrectomy versus Cytoreductive Radical Nephrectomy for Locally T1 Stage Metastatic Renal Rell Carcinoma (mRCC)[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences), 2020, 51(4): 546-551. DOI: 10.12182/20200760204
Citation: XIONG San-chao, SHAO Yan-xiang, HU Xu, et al. Cytoreductive Partial Nephrectomy versus Cytoreductive Radical Nephrectomy for Locally T1 Stage Metastatic Renal Rell Carcinoma (mRCC)[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences), 2020, 51(4): 546-551. DOI: 10.12182/20200760204

栏目: 临床医学

伴远处转移T1期肾癌原发灶行减瘤性肾部分切除术与减瘤性根治性肾切除术的生存分析

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    通讯作者:

    李响: E-mail:xiangli87@hotmail.com

Cytoreductive Partial Nephrectomy versus Cytoreductive Radical Nephrectomy for Locally T1 Stage Metastatic Renal Rell Carcinoma (mRCC)

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  • 摘要:
      目的  探索和比较原发灶行减瘤性肾部分切除术(cytoreductive partial nephrectomy,cPN)与减瘤性根治性肾切除术(cytoreductive radical nephrectomy,cRN)对于伴远处转移的T1期肾癌患者的生存获益。
      方法  回顾性分析SEER(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)数据库中934例符合纳入标准的伴远处转移的T1期肾癌病例,根据手术方式分为cPN组和cRN组。评估934例患者中与cRN与cPN有关的差异因素,再通过倾向性评分匹配消除混杂后,对得到的141对病例进行生存分析,利用Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较配对前后cPN组和cRN组之间的总生存(OS)、肿瘤特异性生存(cancer specific survival ,CSS)的差异。利用Cox多因素风险评估模型评估匹配后OS和CSS的影响因素。
      结果  匹配前,142(15.2%)例患者行cPN,792(84.8%)例病例行cRN,cPN组患者OS和CSS均高于cRN组患者(log rank检验, P<0.01),T1b期患者接受cPN的可能性比T1a期患者小。匹配后,Kaplan-Meier分析发现cPN组的OS和CSS比cRN组更高(log rank检验,P<0.01),多因素Cox回归分析发现选择行cRN是导致OS及CSS不佳的独立危险因素。
      结论  对于伴远处转移的T1期肾癌患者,cPN的预后生存优于cRN。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective   To explore whether cytoreductive partial nephrectomy (cPN) or cytoreductive radical nephrectomy (cRN), is more beneficial for patients with locally T1 stage metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
      Methods   We retrospectively collected the data ofthe patients with locally T1 stage mRCC (n=934) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the determinants of cPN. Propensity-score match (PSM) was used to diminish the confounder. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses was performed and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of cPN and cRN on overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS).
      Results   Among the 934 patients, 142 (15.2%) received cPN and 792 (84.8%) received cRN. Before PSM, both OS and CSS in cPN group were better in Kaplan-Meier analysis (log rank test, each P< 0.01). In a survival analysis of propensity-score matched 141 pairs of patients, cPN was still associated with improved OS and CSS compared with cRN (log rank test, each P< 0.01). After PSM, the 2-year OS were 61.7% and 74.4%, and 5-year OS were 35.6% and 59.2% in the cRN and cPN cohorts respectively. Cox proportional hazards model confirmed cPN the independent risk factor of both OS and CSS.
      Conclusion   For mRCC patients with locally T1 stage, cPN may gain an OS and CSS benefit compared with cRN.

     

  • 肾细胞癌(简称肾癌)是常见的泌尿系肿瘤之一,该病发病率在泌尿系肿瘤中位居第二,仅次于膀胱癌,虽然肾癌早期检出率越来越高,但仍有10%~15%的患者在首诊时就已发现伴有远处转移[1-2]。减瘤性肾切除术(cytoreductive nephrectomy,CN)在转移性肾癌中的应用不断进步,联合使用CN可增加使用传统免疫治疗患者的生存获益[3-5]。但随着靶向药物在转移性肾癌治疗上优势的显现[6-7],CN的作用再一次引起了争议。然而,多个回顾性研究显示:对于预后相对良好的转移性肾癌,原发病灶的减瘤性肾切除手术有可能使患者获得更好的生存获益,对于这部分患者,CN相较于只接受靶向治疗者降低了大约40%~55%的死亡风险[8-10],提示CN在靶向治疗时代也发挥着重要作用。对于没有转移的T1N0M0期肾癌,已经证实行肾部分切除术(partial nephrectomy,PN)与行根治性肾切除术(radical nephrectomy,RN)对于患者的肿瘤特异性生存(cancer specific survival ,CSS)率相当[11-12],但PN能更好地保护肾功能,从而降低代谢系统及心血管系统并发症的风险[13-14],因此目前各大指南推荐T1N0M0期的肾癌患者首选PN。对于伴远处转移的T1N0-1M1的肾癌患者,原发灶的手术方式为CN,其方式包括减瘤性肾部分切除术(cPN)与减瘤性根治性肾切除术(cRN),但这两种手术方式中哪一种的预后生存更好,目前尚不清楚。本研究回顾性分析局部T1期伴有远处转移的肾癌患者的病例资料,通过倾向性评分匹配(propensity score match,PSM)后分析原发灶cPN与cRN对患者预后的影响,比较两种手术方式下的生存获益。

    本研究的数据提取自SEER数据库(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results),SEER数据库注册号:11966-Nov 2018。SEER数据库定期规律收集患者人口统计学资料,发布癌症的发病率和生存数据,以及记录患者的临床及病理学数据。这个数据库自1973年起收集了美国18个州的数据,覆盖全美国大约26%的人群。

    通过以下标准筛选符合纳入标准的患者:第一诊断以及唯一诊断是肾癌;≥18岁的成年患者;单侧肾癌;AJCC第六版TNM分期T分期病理分期为T1期,M分期为M1期;确诊时间为2004年1月−2015年12月;治疗手段为cPN或者cRN。排除标准:未明确记录患者生存时间、生存状态的患者。

    人口学资料包括:性别(男性和女性),确诊时的年龄(<65岁,65~<80岁,≥80岁),种族(白种人、黑种人、其他种族以及未知种族),患者的ID。CSS指标包括:诊断的确诊情况,肿瘤的良恶性编码,侧别(左侧和右侧),肿瘤T分期(T1a期和T1b期),肿瘤的N分期(N0、N1、N2及Nx),肿瘤原发灶大小,病理类型(透明细胞癌、乳头状癌、嫌色细胞癌、其他类型及未知类型),肿瘤分级,原发灶减瘤手术方式(cPN和cRN),是否行淋巴结清扫,存活状态以及随访时间。病理类型中的其他类型包括多房囊性肾细胞癌、集合管癌及髓质癌等病理类型较少的其他类型;未知类型指未记录病理类型的类型。

    分类变量用频数表示,连续性变量经正态分布检验服从正态分布,故用$ \bar x \pm s $表示。分类变量采用卡方检验,连续性变量采用独立样本t检验。多因素logistic回归分析用以评估与预测接受cPN相关的因素。进一步行PSM以减少cPN组与cRN组间可能存在的基线差异,用于PSM的变量包括:确诊时的年龄、种族、性别、婚姻状态、肿瘤分级、侧别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤的T分期、肿瘤的N分期、是否行淋巴结清扫以及肿瘤的病理类型。Kaplan–Meier法用以比较cPN组和cRN组之间的总生存(OS)、CSS的差异。Cox比例风险模型用以评估影响OS和CSS的因素,设 Y (OS增加或CSS增加=0,OS减少或CSS减少=1)。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    共纳入934例患者,患者的基线水平资料详见表1。在PSM之前,所有的934例患者中,15.2%(142/934)的患者接受了cPN,84.8%(792/934)的患者接受了cRN。单因素分析发现,cPN和cRN两组患者的肿瘤大小、T分期、N分期、是否行淋巴结清扫、肿瘤的病理类型存在基线水平存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析发现(表2),T1b期患者接受cPN的可能性比T1a期患者小(比值比=0.261,95% 可信区间: 0.179~0.378, P<0.001),其余因素无统计学意义。进一步行PSM后,共得到141对患者,所有变量的P>0.05,两组间所有基线可比(表1)。

    表  1  倾向性评分匹配前后的基线资料
    Table  1.  The baseline information before and after propensity-score matching
    CharacteristicBefore matchingAfter matching
    TotalcRNcPNPcRNcPNP
    n 934 792 142 141 141
    Age/yr. 62.0±11.6 62.0±11.5 61.8±12.0 0.832 64.2±10.7 61.9±11.9 0.085
    Tumor diameter/mm 51.7±55.6 53.9±59.8 39.0±14.7 0.003 50.1±81.3 39.1±14.7 0.115
    Age at diagnosis/case 0.358 0.724
     <65 yr. 537 459 78 73 77
     65-<80 yr. 334 277 57 58 57
     ≥80 yr. 63 56 7 10 7
    Gender/case 0.948 0.897
     Male 649 550 99 99 98
     Female 285 242 43 42 43
    Race/case 0.891 0.912
     White 800 680 120 121 119
     Black 82 69 13 11 13
     Other 52 43 9 9 9
    Marital status/case 0.245 0.409
     Married 603 503 100 104 100
     Unmarried 299 260 39 31 38
     Unknown 32 29 3 6 3
    Laterality/case 0.140 0.398
     Left 473 393 80 86 79
     Right 461 399 62 55 62
    T stage/case <0.001 0.631
     T1a 299 216 83 78 82
     T1b 635 576 59 63 59
    N stage/case 0.013 0.666
     N0 762 641 121 122 120
     N1 75 69 6 4 6
     N2 37 36 1 3 1
     NX 60 46 14 12 14
    LND/case <0.001 0.426
     Not performed 766 633 133 135 132
     Performed 168 159 9 6 9
    Tumor grade/case 0.281 0.992
     Low (1 or 2) 348 292 56 55 56
     High (3 or 4) 471 407 64 64 63
     Unknown 115 93 22 22 22
    Histology/case 0.007 0.518
     Clear cell 609 515 94 100 94
     Papillary 76 55 21 12 21
     Chromophobe 15 12 3 2 3
     Others 29 27 2 3 2
     Unknown 205 183 22 24 21
     cRN: Cytoreductive radical nephrectomy; cPN: Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy; LND: Lymph node dissection; Others histology type including: Multilocular cystic renal cell, collecting-ducts and medullary; Unknown histology type: those without detailed records
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    表  2  多因素logistic回归分析患者接受cPN的可能因素
    Table  2.  Multivariate logistic regression analysis predicting receipt of cPN
    VariableOR (95%CI)P
    Age at diagnosis (<65 yr.)
     65-<80 yr.1.195 (0.820-1.742)0.353
     ≥80 yr.0.764 (0.332-1.756)0.526
    Gender (male)
     Female1.020 (0.648-1.521)0.922
    Race (White)
     Black1.155 (0.613-2.177)0.655
     Other1.223 (0.578-2.589)0.599
    Laterality (left)
     Right0.761 (0.530-1.091)0.137
    Marital status (married)
     Unmarried0.765 (0.507-1.155)0.202
     Unknown0.515 (0.153-1.734)0.284
    T stage (T1a)
     T1b0.261 (0.179-0.378)<0.001
    N stage (N0)
     N10.461 (0.196-1.085)0.076
     N20.147 (0.020-1.083)0.060
     Nx1.612 (0.860-3.024)0.137
     cPN: Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    图1。在PSM前的934例患者中,中位(P25−P75)随访时间在cPN组是31.5(13−68)个月,在cRN组是22(9−46)个月。从Kaplan-Meier生存曲线上可以看出,cPN组患者OS率和CSS率均高于cRN组患者(log rank检验,P<0.01)。

    图  1  匹配前的总生存和肿瘤特异性生存的生存曲线
    Figure  1.  Survival curves of overall survival and cancer specific survival before propensity score matching

    在PSM后的141对患者中,cPN组和cRN组患者的中位(P25−P75)生存时间分别是31(13−68)个月和24(4−50)个月。cPN组和cRN组患者的2年OS率分别是74.4%和58.9%,5年OS率分别是59.2%和33.6%,2年CSS率分别是83.9%和71.5%,5年CSS率分别是71.9%和51.2%,cPN组的患者无论是OS率和CSS率均高于cRN组的患者(log rank检验,P<0.01,图2)。多因素Cox回归分析发现,选择行cRN、年龄≥80岁、肿瘤级别为高级别以及病理类型为乳头状癌,均是导致OS降低的独立危险因素;选择行cRN,肿瘤级别为高级别,T分期为T1b期,N分期为N1期、Nx期,病理类型为其他类型以及未知类型,均是导致CSS降低的独立危险因素(表3)。

    图  2  匹配后的总生存和肿瘤特异性生存的生存曲线
    Figure  2.  Survival curves of overall survival and cancer specific survival after propensity score matching
    表  3  影响匹配后总生存和肿瘤特异性生存的因素(多因素Cox回归分析)
    Table  3.  Multivariate Cox regression analysis of OS and CSS after propensity score matching
    VariableOSCSS
    HR95%CIP HR95%CIP
    Nephrectomy type (cRN)
     cPN 0.524 0.375-0.734 <0.001 0.455 0.313-0.662 <0.001
    Age at diagnosis (<65 yr.)
     65–<80 yr. 1.119 0.792-1.581 0.525 1.013 0.818-1.255 0.905
     ≥80 yr. 2.184 1.210-3.944 0.010 1.286 0.839-1.971 0.248
    Gender (male)
     Female 0.743 0.498-1.108 0.145 0.972 0.779-1.212 0.799
    Race (White)
     Black 1.070 0.565-2.025 0.835 1.180 0.827-1.685 0.362
     Other 1.128 0.599-2.125 0.709 0.919 0.594-1.420 0.703
    Tumor grade (low (1 or 2))
     High (3 or 4) 1.531 1.072-2.185 0.019 1.509 1.209-1.882 <0.001
     Unknown 1.078 0.643-1.805 0.777 1.100 0.772-1.568 0.597
    Laterality (left)
     Right 1.266 0.908-1.765 0.164 1.038 0.853-1.263 0.709
    Marital status (married)
     Unmarried 1.272 0.861-1.881 0.227 1.151 0.926-1.429 0.205
     Unknown 0.663 0.207-2.124 0.489 0.907 0.506-1.626 0.743
    T stage (T1a)
     T1b 0.914 0.658-1.270 0.593 1.515 1.201-1.912 <0.001
    N stage (N0)
     N1 1.015 0.433-2.379 0.972 1.786 1.295-2.464 <0.001
     N2 0.603 0.082-4.422 0.619 1.268 0.770-2.087 0.350
     Nx 1.470 0.893-2.422 0.130 1.534 1.079-2.181 0.017
    LND (not performed)
     Performed 1.094 0.522-2.296 0.812 1.241 0.966-1.595 0.091
    Histology type (clear cell)
     Papillary 1.702 1.046-2.770 0.032 1.238 0.825-1.860 0.303
     Chromophobe 0.962 0.134-6.934 0.969 0.402 0.129-1.257 0.117
     Others 0.882 0.122-6.351 0.900 2.188 1.299-3.685 0.003
     Unknown 1.538 1.014-2.331 0.043 1.741 1.390-2.181 <0.001
     HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer specific survival; cRN: Cytoreductive radical nephrectomy; cPN: Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy; LND: Lymph node dissection; Others histology type including: Multilocular cystic renal cell, collecting-ducts and medullary; Unknown histology type: Those without detailed records
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    从理论上来说,cPN和cRN一样都能达到原发灶减瘤目的,但cPN能保留更多的肾单位,因而能保护更多的肾功能,减少代谢性和心血管系统并发症的发生,并使患者以更佳的体能和身体条件耐受后续的系统化治疗,进而可能转化为更好的生存预后。目前报道的转移性肾癌行CN的研究中,接受cPN的患者比例比cRN小很多,大约仅2%~4%的患者的减瘤性手术方式为cPN[15-18]。KRAMBECK等[15]回顾性研究了420例伴有远处转移肾癌的患者,仅16例患者接受了cPN,404例为cRN,结果提示接受cPN的患者相较于接受cRN的患者的1年、3年和5年的CSS在数据上有获益,但差异并无统计学意义(P=0.097)。HUTTERER等[16]发现99例接受了cRN的转移性肾癌的患者比38例接受cPN的转移性肾癌患者的肿瘤特异性死亡率高约1.5倍,但由于样本量比较小,并没有显现出差异有统计学意义。CAPITANIO等[17]检索了SEER数据库中2 043例接受了CN的患者,其中接受了cRN的1 997例患者与接受了cPN的46例患者相比较,并未发现CSS差异有统计学意义。HELLENTHAL等[18]检索了SEER数据库中1988−2005年期间的转移性肾癌患者,其中接受了cPN的70例患者的死亡率相较于接受了cRN的2 880例患者更低。尽管这些研究的结论存在着一些差异,但没有研究提示cPN劣于cRN。最近LENIS等[19]在NCDB数据库检索到10 144例转移性肾癌的患者接受了CN,通过PSM共得到381对患者分别接受cPN和cRN治疗,这项研究发现接受cPN的患者比接受cRN的患者预后更佳,但仅局限于原发灶肿瘤体积直径小于4 cm的情况。

    通过logistic回归分析,本研究发现影响患者手术方式选择的主要因素是肿瘤T分期而非其他因素,这表明在原发灶体积小的T1a期,接受保留肾单位的手术的可能性较大。对于伴远处转移的T1期肾癌患者,其原发灶肿瘤相对较小,有机会接受保留肾单位手术,但和以上几项研究[15-18]一样,本研究也发现大部分患者接受的手术方式为cRN而不是cPN。目前关于伴远处转移的T1期肾癌患者原发灶减瘤手术的研究比较缺乏,以上几项研究都没有单独针对T1期肾癌,只有针对转移性肾癌的患者的例子,就我们目前了解,本研究应该是第一项针对伴远处转移的T1期肾癌的手术方式的研究。本研究发现,在匹配前后,接受cPN 的患者都比接受cRN的患者有着更好的OS及CSS,这提示对于局部分期较低的转移性肾癌患者,行CN时保留肾脏相较于切除肾脏预后生存更好 。在多因素Cox回归分析时,本研究也提示cRN是导致OS及CSS降低的独立预测因素。

    本研究存在一定的局限性。第一,为回顾性研究,和其他回顾性研究一样在患者的选择上可能存在着不可避免的偏倚[20]。第二,SEER数据库中并没有记载患者肾功能状态以及是否是独肾,所以难以评估患者的生存获益是否与肾功能有关。第三,SEER数据库只记载了2010年以后的转移灶情况,而且SEER数据库并没有记载转移灶的切除情况,在肿瘤的系统性治疗中转移病灶的切除也可能会影响患者的预后。第四,由于接受了减瘤手术的伴远处转移T1期肾癌患者在单中心数量较少,且国内尚未有多中心数据库可以检索到该类型的病例,故难以完成本地化验证。第五,本研究数据来源于北美的SEER数据库,其没有详细描述患者肿瘤负荷的多少、体能状况、基础疾病情况等。CN应用于国内患者时,应当根据患者的具体情况来考虑是否施行,若原发灶肿瘤负荷较重、体能情况较好且基础疾病较少时则可以考虑行CN,否则应当选择其他治疗方案。

    虽然存在着上述不足,但本研究发现对于伴远处转移的T1期肾癌患者,cPN的预后生存优于cRN,外科医师在治疗伴远处转移T1期的肾癌患者时可以考虑cPN。

  • 图  1   匹配前的总生存和肿瘤特异性生存的生存曲线

    Figure  1.   Survival curves of overall survival and cancer specific survival before propensity score matching

    图  2   匹配后的总生存和肿瘤特异性生存的生存曲线

    Figure  2.   Survival curves of overall survival and cancer specific survival after propensity score matching

    表  1   倾向性评分匹配前后的基线资料

    Table  1   The baseline information before and after propensity-score matching

    CharacteristicBefore matchingAfter matching
    TotalcRNcPNPcRNcPNP
    n 934 792 142 141 141
    Age/yr. 62.0±11.6 62.0±11.5 61.8±12.0 0.832 64.2±10.7 61.9±11.9 0.085
    Tumor diameter/mm 51.7±55.6 53.9±59.8 39.0±14.7 0.003 50.1±81.3 39.1±14.7 0.115
    Age at diagnosis/case 0.358 0.724
     <65 yr. 537 459 78 73 77
     65-<80 yr. 334 277 57 58 57
     ≥80 yr. 63 56 7 10 7
    Gender/case 0.948 0.897
     Male 649 550 99 99 98
     Female 285 242 43 42 43
    Race/case 0.891 0.912
     White 800 680 120 121 119
     Black 82 69 13 11 13
     Other 52 43 9 9 9
    Marital status/case 0.245 0.409
     Married 603 503 100 104 100
     Unmarried 299 260 39 31 38
     Unknown 32 29 3 6 3
    Laterality/case 0.140 0.398
     Left 473 393 80 86 79
     Right 461 399 62 55 62
    T stage/case <0.001 0.631
     T1a 299 216 83 78 82
     T1b 635 576 59 63 59
    N stage/case 0.013 0.666
     N0 762 641 121 122 120
     N1 75 69 6 4 6
     N2 37 36 1 3 1
     NX 60 46 14 12 14
    LND/case <0.001 0.426
     Not performed 766 633 133 135 132
     Performed 168 159 9 6 9
    Tumor grade/case 0.281 0.992
     Low (1 or 2) 348 292 56 55 56
     High (3 or 4) 471 407 64 64 63
     Unknown 115 93 22 22 22
    Histology/case 0.007 0.518
     Clear cell 609 515 94 100 94
     Papillary 76 55 21 12 21
     Chromophobe 15 12 3 2 3
     Others 29 27 2 3 2
     Unknown 205 183 22 24 21
     cRN: Cytoreductive radical nephrectomy; cPN: Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy; LND: Lymph node dissection; Others histology type including: Multilocular cystic renal cell, collecting-ducts and medullary; Unknown histology type: those without detailed records
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   多因素logistic回归分析患者接受cPN的可能因素

    Table  2   Multivariate logistic regression analysis predicting receipt of cPN

    VariableOR (95%CI)P
    Age at diagnosis (<65 yr.)
     65-<80 yr.1.195 (0.820-1.742)0.353
     ≥80 yr.0.764 (0.332-1.756)0.526
    Gender (male)
     Female1.020 (0.648-1.521)0.922
    Race (White)
     Black1.155 (0.613-2.177)0.655
     Other1.223 (0.578-2.589)0.599
    Laterality (left)
     Right0.761 (0.530-1.091)0.137
    Marital status (married)
     Unmarried0.765 (0.507-1.155)0.202
     Unknown0.515 (0.153-1.734)0.284
    T stage (T1a)
     T1b0.261 (0.179-0.378)<0.001
    N stage (N0)
     N10.461 (0.196-1.085)0.076
     N20.147 (0.020-1.083)0.060
     Nx1.612 (0.860-3.024)0.137
     cPN: Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   影响匹配后总生存和肿瘤特异性生存的因素(多因素Cox回归分析)

    Table  3   Multivariate Cox regression analysis of OS and CSS after propensity score matching

    VariableOSCSS
    HR95%CIP HR95%CIP
    Nephrectomy type (cRN)
     cPN 0.524 0.375-0.734 <0.001 0.455 0.313-0.662 <0.001
    Age at diagnosis (<65 yr.)
     65–<80 yr. 1.119 0.792-1.581 0.525 1.013 0.818-1.255 0.905
     ≥80 yr. 2.184 1.210-3.944 0.010 1.286 0.839-1.971 0.248
    Gender (male)
     Female 0.743 0.498-1.108 0.145 0.972 0.779-1.212 0.799
    Race (White)
     Black 1.070 0.565-2.025 0.835 1.180 0.827-1.685 0.362
     Other 1.128 0.599-2.125 0.709 0.919 0.594-1.420 0.703
    Tumor grade (low (1 or 2))
     High (3 or 4) 1.531 1.072-2.185 0.019 1.509 1.209-1.882 <0.001
     Unknown 1.078 0.643-1.805 0.777 1.100 0.772-1.568 0.597
    Laterality (left)
     Right 1.266 0.908-1.765 0.164 1.038 0.853-1.263 0.709
    Marital status (married)
     Unmarried 1.272 0.861-1.881 0.227 1.151 0.926-1.429 0.205
     Unknown 0.663 0.207-2.124 0.489 0.907 0.506-1.626 0.743
    T stage (T1a)
     T1b 0.914 0.658-1.270 0.593 1.515 1.201-1.912 <0.001
    N stage (N0)
     N1 1.015 0.433-2.379 0.972 1.786 1.295-2.464 <0.001
     N2 0.603 0.082-4.422 0.619 1.268 0.770-2.087 0.350
     Nx 1.470 0.893-2.422 0.130 1.534 1.079-2.181 0.017
    LND (not performed)
     Performed 1.094 0.522-2.296 0.812 1.241 0.966-1.595 0.091
    Histology type (clear cell)
     Papillary 1.702 1.046-2.770 0.032 1.238 0.825-1.860 0.303
     Chromophobe 0.962 0.134-6.934 0.969 0.402 0.129-1.257 0.117
     Others 0.882 0.122-6.351 0.900 2.188 1.299-3.685 0.003
     Unknown 1.538 1.014-2.331 0.043 1.741 1.390-2.181 <0.001
     HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer specific survival; cRN: Cytoreductive radical nephrectomy; cPN: Cytoreductive partial nephrectomy; LND: Lymph node dissection; Others histology type including: Multilocular cystic renal cell, collecting-ducts and medullary; Unknown histology type: Those without detailed records
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-02-10
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