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盐水负荷试验后血钾和钠钾比值在原发性醛固酮增多症分型诊断的价值

The Value of Serum Potassium and Ratio of Sodium to Potassium after Saline Infusion Test in Differential Diagnosis of Primary Hyperaldosteronism

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  探索不同亚型原发性醛固酮增多症（primary aldosteronism, PA）的电解质特点，及盐水负荷试验（saline infusion test, SIT）后的血钾和钠钾比值在辅助PA分型诊断中的价值。
      方法  回顾性分析135例于2009年1月1日−2018年12月27日在四川大学华西医院筛查高血压原因的患者资料，分为原发性高血压（essential hypertension, EH）组（34例）、PA组（101例），其中PA组包括60例单侧肾上腺分泌〔醛固酮瘤（aldosterone-producing adenoma, APA）组〕和41例双侧肾上腺分泌〔特发性醛固酮增多症（idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, IHA）组〕。以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析SIT后的血钾和钠钾比值对PA分型诊断的价值。
      结果  与EH组比较，APA组患者SIT前后血钾水平均较低（P<0.01），APA组SIT前后的钠钾比值均较高（P<0.05）。虽然APA组和IHA组间SIT前血钾和钠钾比值均无明显差异，但APA组SIT后的血钾水平较IHA组更低（P<0.01），钠钾比值与IHA组相比更高（P<0.05）。在PA分型诊断中，SIT后血钾水平和钠钾比值ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.641和0.646，均低于SIT后醛固酮水平的0.788。SIT后血钾取最佳切点为3.56 mmol/L时，其敏感度及特异度分别是46.7%、85.4%，SIT后钠钾比值取最佳切点为39.09时，其敏感度和特异度分别是53.3%、80.5%。
      结论  SIT后血钾和钠钾比值对PA分型诊断的敏感性较低，诊断价值有限。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective   To explore the electrolyte characteristics between different types of primary aldosteronism (PA), especially the value of serum potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium after saline infusion test (SIT) in differential diagnosis of PA.
      Methods  The clinical data was collected from 135 patients who received screening for the causes of hypertension from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2018 in West China Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: essential hypertension group (EH group, 34 patients) and primary aldosteronism group (PA group, 101 patients). PA patients were divided into aldosterone-producing adenoma group (APA group, 60 patients) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism group (IHA group, 41 patients). To analyze the value of serum potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium after SIT in the differential diagnosis of PA with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
      Results  Compared with EH group, the serum potassium level of APA group was lower either before or after SIT (P<0.01). The ratio of sodium to potassium before and after SIT in APA group were higher than that in EH group (P<0.05). There were no differences between APA group and IHA group in the level of serum potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium before SIT. The level of serum potassium after SIT in APA group was lower than that in IHA group (P<0.01), and the ratio of sodium to potassium was higher (P<0.05). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of serum potassium level and the ratio of sodium to potassium after SIT were 0.641 and 0.646, respectively, while the AUC of aldosterone level was 0.788. The optimal cut-off value of serum sodium level was 3.56 mmol/L, with a sensitivity and specificity of 46.7% and 85.4%. The optimal cut-off value of ratio of sodium to potassium was 39.09, with 53.3% and 80.5% in sensitivity and specificity.
      Conclusion  The serum potassium and the ratio of sodium to potassium after SIT has limited diagnostic value for its low sensitivity in differential diagnosis of PA.

     

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