Recent Advances in the Interorgan Regulatory Roles of Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue, a vital component of the human body, serves multiple functions, including energy storage, thermal insulation, and protection. Fat is a highly active, dynamic organ that communicates with other organs, playing a crucial role in maintaining health and is closely linked to the onset and progression of diseases. Chronic diseases associated with adipose tissue result from dysregulated inter-organ interactions and have become a major public health challenge. A systematic review of regulatory networks centered on adipose tissue could help overcome the limitations of single-organ studies and identify key inter-organ communication pathways. This article reviews recent advances regarding adipose tissue as a pivotal signaling hub that facilitates inter-organ communication with the liver, gut, brain, and bone, as well as its connection to tumor progression. The review also highlights the applications of cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell sequencing and artificial intelligence in adipose tissue research. Continued exploration of the crosstalk between adipose tissue and other organs holds great potential for disease treatment and health management.