Effect of Intelligent Health Education Based on Health Belief Model on Patients With Kinesophobia After Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis

Objective To explore the application effect of intelligent health education based on the health belief model on patients with postoperative kinesophobia after surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis.

Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted with patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy, decompression, and fusion surgery with a single central nerve and spine center, and who had postoperative kinesophobia, ie, fear of movement. The patients made voluntary decisions concerning whether they would receive the intervention of intelligent health education. The patients were divided into a control group and an intelligent education group and the intervention started on the second day after the surgery. The intelligent education group received intelligent education starting from the second day after surgery through a WeChat widget that used the health belief model as the theoretical framework. The intelligent health education program was designed according to the concept of patient problems, needs, guidance, practice, and feedbacks. It incorporated four modules, including knowledge, intelligent exercise, overcoming obstacles, and sharing and interaction. It had such functions as reminders, fun exercise, shadowing exercise, monitoring, and documentation. Health education for the control group also started on the second day after surgery and was conducted by a method of brochures of pictures and text and WeChat group reminder messages. The participants were surveyed before discharge and 3 months after their surgery. The primary outcome measure compared between the two groups was the degree of kinesophobia. Secondary outcome measures included differences in adherence to functional exercise (Functional Exercise Adherence Scale), pain level (Visual Analogue Scale score), degree of cervical functional impairment (Cervical Disability Index), and quality of life (primarily assessed by the Quality of Life Short Form 12 SF-12 scale for psychological and physiological health scores).

Results A total of 112 patients were enrolled and 108 patients completed follow-up. Eventually, there were 53 cases in the intelligent education group and 55 cases in the control group. None of the patients experienced any sports-related injuries. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups at the time of discharge. At the 3-month follow-up after the surgery, the level of kinesophobia in the intelligent education group (25.72±3.90) was lower than that in the control group (29.67±6.16), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the intelligent education group, the degree of pain (expressed in the median 25th percentile, 75th percentile) was lower than that of the control group (0 0, 0 vs. 1 1, 2, P<0.05), the functional exercise adherence was better than that of the control group (63.87±7.26 vs. 57.73±8.07, P<0.05), the psychological health was better than that of the control group (40.78±3.98 vs. 47.78±1.84, P<0.05), and the physical health was better than that of the control group (43.16±4.41 vs. 46.30±3.80, P<0.05), with all the differences being statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of cervical functional impairment between the two groups (1 1, 2 vs. 3 2, 7, P>0.05).

Conclusion Intelligent health education based on the health belief model can help reduce the degree of kinesophobia in patients with postoperative kinesophobia after surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis and improve patient prognosis.