Objective To investigate the main factors affecting the surgical level of major amputations in patients with severe diabetic foot.
Methods A case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of severe diabetic foot patients who had major amputations and were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Air Force Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater Command between July 2020 and July 2022. According to their surgical level of amputation, patients were divided into transtibial amputation (TT) group and transfemoral amputation (TF) group. Correlation analysis was performed with the clinical data of the patients, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to screen for relevant factors affecting the surgical level of major amputation.
Results The data of 48 patients with major amputations were collected, including 15 patients in the TT group and 33 patients in the TF group. The proportion of patients who had cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in the TT group was lower than that in the TF group (26.67% 4/15 vs. 57.58% 19/33, P<0.05), the proportion of patients who had lower extremity arterial intervention history was higher in the TT group than that in the TF group (40% 6/15 vs. 9.09% 3/33, P<0.05), and the proportion of patients who had elevated creatinine level was lower in the TT group than that in the TF group (70.31±22.98 vs. 127.98±108.38, P<0.05). Moreover, the history of lower extremity arterial intervention may be an independent protective factor for determining the surgical level of major amputations (odds ratio OR=0.15, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.03-0.72, P=0.018).
Conclusion History of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, serum creatinine level and history of lower extremity arterial intervention are the main factors affecting the surgical level of major amputations in patients with severe diabetic foot, and the history of lower extremity arterial intervention may be an independent protective factor.
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