Application of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Vascular Endothelial/Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Repair

Extracellular vesicles can be released by almost all types of cells and are important mediators of intercellular signal transmssion. Extracellular vesicles regulate the function and activity of recipient cells by delivering biologically active molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, which is of great significance in tissue repair and regeneration. According to numerous studies, extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial/endothelial progenitor cells can induce cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibit cell apoptosis, and promote angiogenesis, playing an increasingly important role in regenerative medicine. We reported in this review the latest findings on applying extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial/endothelial progenitor cells in tissue regeneration and repair, and discussed the challenges and future development directions of their application in the field of regenerative medicine.