Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Concomitant Atlanto-Occipital Fusion and Atlantoaxial Joint Dislocation

XU Chong-xi; TANG Bin; ZENG Xi-hang; HUANG Si-qing; MA Jun-peng

doi:10.12182/20220160203

Volume 53 Issue 1

Jan. 2022

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JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCES) > 2022 > 53(1): 121-126. > DOI: 10.12182/20220160203

XU Chong-xi, TANG Bin, ZENG Xi-hang, et al. Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Concomitant Atlanto-Occipital Fusion and Atlantoaxial Joint Dislocation[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences), 2022, 53(1): 121-126. DOI: 10.12182/20220160203

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Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Concomitant Atlanto-Occipital Fusion and Atlantoaxial Joint Dislocation

1.
Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
2.
College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

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Corresponding author:
MA Jun-peng, E-mail: majunpenglj@163.com
Received Date: July 04, 2021
Revised Date: December 06, 2021
Available Online: January 23, 2022
Published Date: January 19, 2022

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To establish, with finite element technology, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the normal occipital bone, atlas and axis and a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of concomitant atlanto-occipital fusion and atlantoaxial dislocation, providing a biomechanical method for clinical research on the upper cervical spine.
Methods Finite element analysis was conducted with the CT data of a 27-year-old male volunteer, and a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model, i.e., the normal model, of the normal occipital bone, atlas and axis was established accordingly. Finite element analysis was conducted with the CT data of a 35-year-old male patient with concomitant atlanto-occipital fusion and atlantoaxial dislocation. Then, the ideal state of a simple ligament rupture under high load was generated by computer simulation, and a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of concomitant atlanto-occipital fusion and atlantoaxial dislocation was established, i.e., the atlanto-occipital fusion with atlantoaxial dislocation model. For both models, a vertical upward torque of 1.5 N·m was applied on the upper surface of the occipital bone. Through comparative analysis of the two models under stress, the data of the range of motion (ROM) for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation were examined. In addition, stress and deformation analysis with 1.5 N·m torque load was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the two three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models established in the study.
Results When the normal model established in the study was under 1.5 N·m torque load, it exhibited a maximum ROM for each unit of flexion, extension, and the ROM approximated the experimental measurement results of human mechanics, confirming the validity of the simulation. The stress and deformation results of the model were consistent with the basic principles of mechanics. The moment-angular displacement of the model showed obvious nonlinear characteristics. Compared with the normal model, the atlanto-occipital fusion with atlantoaxial dislocation model showed reduced ROM of the atlanto-occipital joint under a torque of 1.5 N·m, while the ROM of the C1-C2 joint for the four conditions of flexion, posterior extention, lateral bending, and rotation under load, with the exception of rotating motion, was greatly increased compared with that of the normal model, which was in line with the actual clinical performance of the patient.
Conclusion The atlanto-occipital fusion with atlantoaxial dislocation model and the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the normal occipital bone, atlas and axis were successfully established by finite element technology. The models had valid simulation and reliable kinematic characteristics, and could be used as a reliable tool to simulate clinical diseases.
- Atlanto-occipital fusion,
- Atlantoaxial dislocation,
- Atlanto-occipital deformity,
- Finite element model

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Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Concomitant Atlanto-Occipital Fusion and Atlantoaxial Joint Dislocation

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