Assessment of the Efficacy and Influencing Factors of Treating Facial and Neck Port-Wine Stains with 595 nm Pulsed Dye Laser

  Objective  To assess the efficacy of 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of facial and neck port-wine stains (PWSs), and to explore the main factors affecting the efficacy.

  Methods  A total of 259 PWS cases who were treated with 595 nm PDL were retrospectively enrolled and their clinical information was analyzed in the study. Before- and after-treatment comparison of individual patient was done by comparing patient photographs taken before and after PDL treatment of the PWSs in order to assess the treatment efficacy, using mild purpura as the endpoint of the PDL treatment. A total of 82 male and 177 female cases were included, with patient age ranging between 1 month and 63 years. Univariate analysis was done to select factors influencing the treatment efficacy. Then, ordered multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the main factors affecting the efficacy. Statistics of adverse reaction of patients were also collected.

  Results  Of the 259 patients covered in the study, 57 (22%) had achieved complete clearing of PWS, 106 (40.9%) showed significant improvement, and 68 (26.3%) showed moderate improvement, amounting to a total of 231 effective treatment cases, indicating a 89.2% overall rate of effective treatment. There were 28 ineffective treatment cases (10.8%). Ordered multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the color of PWS, the area of PWS, anatomical sites of PWS and the number of treatment sessions were the main factors affecting the therapeutic efficacy, while proliferation did not affect the therapeutic efficacy. Red-type PWS had better treatment efficacy than that of the purple-type PWS (odds ratio OR=2.748, P<0.05). Patients with PWS≤10 cm² showed better treatment efficacy than those with PWS>10 cm² (OR=2.094, P<0.05). Treatment efficacy of PWS located in the central section of the face was not as good as those located on the neck (OR=0.190, P<0.05), and the treatment efficacy of PWS located in the central and lateral section of the face was not as good as those located on the neck (OR=0.243, P<0.05). Patients who had more than 3 treatment sessions showed better efficacy than those who had 1-3 sessions of treatment (OR=0.508, P<0.05). No patients incurred any serious adverse reactions.

  Conclusion  Patients with PWS located on the neck, red-type PWS and area ≤10 cm² are suitable for treatment with 595 nm PDL and there should be more than three sessions of treatment. Patient sex, age, or proliferation do not affect the treatment effect.