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Supervisor: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Sponsor: Sichuan University
Host unit: Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition)
Editor-in-Chief: Zhang Lin
CN 51-1644/R
ISSN 1672-173X
Postal code: 62-72
Establishment Time: 1959
Address: 17,Section 3,Renmin Nanlu,Chengdu,Sichuan,610041,People's Republic of China
Tel: 028-85501320
Email: scuxbyxb@scu.edu.cn
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Abstract
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Abstract:
The medical field in China has witnessed encouraging progress in specialized theoretical research and clinical practice concerning childhood diffuse parenchymal lung diseases/childhood interstitial lung diseases (chDPLD/chILD) after many years of hard work. However, we have also encountered many tasks and challenges. We must approach the problem with a holistic perspective, and collect, accumulate and analyze, in a uniform way, the data from all over the country. We should try our best to obtain more pathological materials for further analysis of the diagnosis and treatment as well as clinical research. The diagnosis protocol and treatment recommendations should be revised regularly. Moreover, we emphasize the adoption of the clinico-radio-genetic-pathological (C-R-G-P) management model and the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chDPLD/chILD. In this way, we will be able to improve our cognitive understanding and enrich our experience in the prevention and management of chDPLD/chILD further more.
The medical field in China has witnessed encouraging progress in specialized theoretical research and clinical practice concerning childhood diffuse parenchymal lung diseases/childhood interstitial lung diseases (chDPLD/chILD) after many years of hard work. However, we have also encountered many tasks and challenges. We must approach the problem with a holistic perspective, and collect, accumulate and analyze, in a uniform way, the data from all over the country. We should try our best to obtain more pathological materials for further analysis of the diagnosis and treatment as well as clinical research. The diagnosis protocol and treatment recommendations should be revised regularly. Moreover, we emphasize the adoption of the clinico-radio-genetic-pathological (C-R-G-P) management model and the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chDPLD/chILD. In this way, we will be able to improve our cognitive understanding and enrich our experience in the prevention and management of chDPLD/chILD further more.
Abstract:
Over the last decades, the overall prevalence of childhood asthma in China has been on the rise, and the level of diagnosis and treatment of asthma has also shown significant improvement. However, the overall control of childhood asthma in China has not yet reached the ideal level. The main causes are as follows: due to high social pressure and other factors, the accurate diagnosis of childhood asthma by clinicians is still insufficient; clinicians do not have sufficient understanding of environmental pollution and other controllable factors that may affect the rising prevalence of childhood asthma and poor asthma control; the standardization of clinical asthma treatment needs to be further improved. Clinicians should improve their understanding of childhood asthma, formulate therapeutic regimes based on the guidelines, and constantly improve the management of childhood asthma.
Over the last decades, the overall prevalence of childhood asthma in China has been on the rise, and the level of diagnosis and treatment of asthma has also shown significant improvement. However, the overall control of childhood asthma in China has not yet reached the ideal level. The main causes are as follows: due to high social pressure and other factors, the accurate diagnosis of childhood asthma by clinicians is still insufficient; clinicians do not have sufficient understanding of environmental pollution and other controllable factors that may affect the rising prevalence of childhood asthma and poor asthma control; the standardization of clinical asthma treatment needs to be further improved. Clinicians should improve their understanding of childhood asthma, formulate therapeutic regimes based on the guidelines, and constantly improve the management of childhood asthma.
2021, 52(5): 729-734.
doi: 10.12182/20210660101
Abstract:
Along with the economic and technological development and growing demand for high-quality drinking water, direct drinking water has gained general popularity in China. However, no authoritative policy has been issued, giving a clear definition of direct drinking water and existing standards and regulations concerning direct drinking water are not definitive in nature. Existing water quality parameters are not well supported and sometimes even contradict each other. We elaborated, in this paper, the history of direct drinking water in China and systematically reviewed the existing regulations and standards related to direct drinking water. We also compared and analyzed the important microbiology, toxicology, sensory perception and general chemistry parameters in the standards. This paper is the first ever attempt at an in-depth analysis of the chaotic state of the direct drinking water industry. We have also highlighted the problems in the current standards and regulations for direct drinking water. Our study provides a basis for market regulation and the supervision and management of direct drinking water. In addition, the paper provides helpful information for laying down a definition of direct drinking water, calling for and approving of project proposals concerning the establishment of national standards for direct drinking water, and actually formulating the standards. We have made a number of suggestions: A. defining direct drinking water clearly and formulating the national standards for direct drinking water as soon as possible; B. conducting research on water quality benchmarks to provide scientific support for the formulation of the national standards for direct drinking water; C. giving more attention to the formulation of standards concerning microbiology parameters and their limits and giving consideration to the inclusion of parameters concerning viruses.
Along with the economic and technological development and growing demand for high-quality drinking water, direct drinking water has gained general popularity in China. However, no authoritative policy has been issued, giving a clear definition of direct drinking water and existing standards and regulations concerning direct drinking water are not definitive in nature. Existing water quality parameters are not well supported and sometimes even contradict each other. We elaborated, in this paper, the history of direct drinking water in China and systematically reviewed the existing regulations and standards related to direct drinking water. We also compared and analyzed the important microbiology, toxicology, sensory perception and general chemistry parameters in the standards. This paper is the first ever attempt at an in-depth analysis of the chaotic state of the direct drinking water industry. We have also highlighted the problems in the current standards and regulations for direct drinking water. Our study provides a basis for market regulation and the supervision and management of direct drinking water. In addition, the paper provides helpful information for laying down a definition of direct drinking water, calling for and approving of project proposals concerning the establishment of national standards for direct drinking water, and actually formulating the standards. We have made a number of suggestions: A. defining direct drinking water clearly and formulating the national standards for direct drinking water as soon as possible; B. conducting research on water quality benchmarks to provide scientific support for the formulation of the national standards for direct drinking water; C. giving more attention to the formulation of standards concerning microbiology parameters and their limits and giving consideration to the inclusion of parameters concerning viruses.
Abstract:
In recent years, immunotherapy, as an emerging anti-tumor therapy, has shown great potential in the treatment of both solid and hematologic tumors. There is increasing preclinical and clinical evidence linking the composition of gut microbiome with the efficacy as well as adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-tumor therapy. We summarized in this review the modulatory role of the gut microbiome in antitumor therapy with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also discussed the limitations of existing research and prospective development of the further clinical strategies.
In recent years, immunotherapy, as an emerging anti-tumor therapy, has shown great potential in the treatment of both solid and hematologic tumors. There is increasing preclinical and clinical evidence linking the composition of gut microbiome with the efficacy as well as adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-tumor therapy. We summarized in this review the modulatory role of the gut microbiome in antitumor therapy with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also discussed the limitations of existing research and prospective development of the further clinical strategies.
2021, 52(5): 740-746.
doi: 10.12182/20210560201
Abstract:
Nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp), a main component of the inorganic composition of human bones and teeth, is widely used in bone tissue engineering, bone defect repair and replacement, for example, for its biocompatibility, bioactivity, bioaffinity and the ability to induce bone regeneration. Nano hydroxyapatite contains calcium and phosphorus, elements that can be replaced through the normal metabolic channels of the human body. Therefore, after implantation, it can be partially or completely absorbed and replaced by human tissues and can effectively assist bone regeneration, which makes it an ideal material for bone repair. However, traditional nHAp material is brittle and hard to be degraded in human body. In addition, nHAp has poor stability due to its high surface energy and tendency for agglomeration, which causes rapid attenuation of its mechanical strength and limits its clinical application. At present, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of nHAp can be effectively improved by loading the related growth factors, proteins, peptides and other bioactive molecules, so as to better meet the biological requirements of bone repair materials. However, the traditional physicochemical modification methods are complicated and may interfere with the bioactivity of nHAp. It is simple to biomimetically synthesize nanomaterials by direct utilization of the molecular recognition and self-assemble capabilities of biomolecules or living microorganisms. Furthermore, the properties of the synthesized nanomaterials are stable, and the method has been extensively studied in recent years. Due to the unique crystaline structure and physicochemical properties of nHAp, results of a large number of studies have shown that its affinity with biological molecules can be used to produce bioactive nHAp by biomimetic synthesis methods. Biomimetically synthesized nHAp is expected to become the mainstream bone tissue engineering scaffold material. Analyzing and summarizing the biomimetic synthetic process and the characteristics of different nHAp materials will facilitate further development of bone defect repair materials with better mechanical and biological properties. Herein we reviewed methods of biomimetic synthesis of nHAp based on different biomolecular templates. Furthermore, we also discussed applications of biomimetic synthesized nHAp in bone tissue engineering, which can used as reference information for further research and development of new-generation bone repair biomaterials.
Nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp), a main component of the inorganic composition of human bones and teeth, is widely used in bone tissue engineering, bone defect repair and replacement, for example, for its biocompatibility, bioactivity, bioaffinity and the ability to induce bone regeneration. Nano hydroxyapatite contains calcium and phosphorus, elements that can be replaced through the normal metabolic channels of the human body. Therefore, after implantation, it can be partially or completely absorbed and replaced by human tissues and can effectively assist bone regeneration, which makes it an ideal material for bone repair. However, traditional nHAp material is brittle and hard to be degraded in human body. In addition, nHAp has poor stability due to its high surface energy and tendency for agglomeration, which causes rapid attenuation of its mechanical strength and limits its clinical application. At present, the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of nHAp can be effectively improved by loading the related growth factors, proteins, peptides and other bioactive molecules, so as to better meet the biological requirements of bone repair materials. However, the traditional physicochemical modification methods are complicated and may interfere with the bioactivity of nHAp. It is simple to biomimetically synthesize nanomaterials by direct utilization of the molecular recognition and self-assemble capabilities of biomolecules or living microorganisms. Furthermore, the properties of the synthesized nanomaterials are stable, and the method has been extensively studied in recent years. Due to the unique crystaline structure and physicochemical properties of nHAp, results of a large number of studies have shown that its affinity with biological molecules can be used to produce bioactive nHAp by biomimetic synthesis methods. Biomimetically synthesized nHAp is expected to become the mainstream bone tissue engineering scaffold material. Analyzing and summarizing the biomimetic synthetic process and the characteristics of different nHAp materials will facilitate further development of bone defect repair materials with better mechanical and biological properties. Herein we reviewed methods of biomimetic synthesis of nHAp based on different biomolecular templates. Furthermore, we also discussed applications of biomimetic synthesized nHAp in bone tissue engineering, which can used as reference information for further research and development of new-generation bone repair biomaterials.
Abstract:
Specialty courses are an important carrier for driving forward the education reform of integrating ideological and political theories education in all courses and implementing the philosophy of fostering character through moral education. Medical Laboratory Pathways and Their Clinical Application is an undergraduate specialty course offered by the Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The paper is based on the campaign of Integrating Ideological and Political Theories Education in All Courses and takes into consideration the features of the medical laboratory technology specialty. The paper proposes the organic unity of knowledge and skills teaching objectives and emotions and value-guided teaching objectives. In regard to the teaching content, horizontal integration was carried out, transforming the design of the course content from being laboratory test-centered to being disease-centered. Ideological and political theories education was organically incorporated in the content of the specialty course, assigning to the course the important task of values guidance. In addition, we made discussions on course design and instruction of Medical Laboratory Pathways and Their Clinical Application mainly in regard to the instruction, teaching methodology, and the form of classroom instruction of the course. We hope that the paper will provide useful information and reference for the ongoing education reform of the medical laboratory technology specialty under the new circumstances.
Specialty courses are an important carrier for driving forward the education reform of integrating ideological and political theories education in all courses and implementing the philosophy of fostering character through moral education. Medical Laboratory Pathways and Their Clinical Application is an undergraduate specialty course offered by the Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The paper is based on the campaign of Integrating Ideological and Political Theories Education in All Courses and takes into consideration the features of the medical laboratory technology specialty. The paper proposes the organic unity of knowledge and skills teaching objectives and emotions and value-guided teaching objectives. In regard to the teaching content, horizontal integration was carried out, transforming the design of the course content from being laboratory test-centered to being disease-centered. Ideological and political theories education was organically incorporated in the content of the specialty course, assigning to the course the important task of values guidance. In addition, we made discussions on course design and instruction of Medical Laboratory Pathways and Their Clinical Application mainly in regard to the instruction, teaching methodology, and the form of classroom instruction of the course. We hope that the paper will provide useful information and reference for the ongoing education reform of the medical laboratory technology specialty under the new circumstances.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effect of polystyrene (PS) and PS-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun materials on the adhesion ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a common periodontal pathogen. Methods PS and PS-PVP electrospun materials were prepared with stainless steel needles in high-voltage electric field. The growth and adhesion of P. gingivalis on the surface of different materials were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The changes in the amount of P. gingivalis biofilm formed on the surface of different materials were measured according to viable colony forming units (CFU). The effect of surface charge of the different materials on the adhesion ability of P. gingivalis was determined through changing the charge properties on the surface of the electrospun materials. Results SEM images showed that both PS and PS-PVP can be used to form electrospun fibers with a diameter of 0.2 μm. SEM images and CFU counts of the biofilm at 24 h and 48 h showed that there was a smaller amount of P. gingivalis biofilm on the surface of the two materials (P<0.05). After treatment with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), the surface charge of the PS-PVP electrospun material changed from being negatively charged to being positively charged, and the amount of bacterial adhesion on the surface increased significantly in comparison to that of untreated PS and PS-PVP materials (P<0.05). Conclusion PS and PS-PVP electrospun materials can be used to reduce the adhesion ability of P. gingivalis on the surface of different materials, and this ability may be related to the surface charge properties of the materials.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the efficacy and mechanism of using 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Methods Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) was used for the induction and establishment of the EAE model in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were randomly assigned to the EAE group, which received intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the NBP-treated EAE group, or the NBP group, which received intraperitoneal injection of NBP, the BMSCs transplantion EAE group, or the BMSCs group, which received BMSCs injected into the lateral ventricle and intraperitoneal injection of PBS, and the BMSCs and NBP combination treatment EAE group, or the BMSCs+NBP group, which received BMSCs injected into the lateral ventricle and intraperitoneal injection of NBP. Each group had 10 mice, while ten normal mice were used as the blank control group receiving intraperitoneal injection of PBS. The neurological function scores were documented daily. The mice were sacrificed 22 days after EAE induction, and the demyelination state of of the spinal cords was observed through Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining. In addition, the levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-17, IL-22 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were examined with ELISA. The levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the brain were examined with immunofluorescence staining. Western blot was used to check the expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) pathway, IL-17 and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) in the spinal cords. Results The neurological function scores and average scores of each treatment group were significantly lower than those of the EAE group (P<0.05). The scores of the BMSCs+NBP group decreased more significantly than those of the single treatment groups (the NBP group and the BMSCs group) (P<0.05). LFB staining results of the spinal cords were consistent with the neurological function scores and the average scores. Compared with the EAE group, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22, significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β significantly increased (P<0.05). The change in cytokine expression was more significant in the BMSCs+NBP group (P<0.05). The expressions of GFAP, MAP-2 and MBP in the BMSCs+NBP group were significantly higher than those of the BMSCs group (P<0.05). Compared with the EAE group, the p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio and the IL-17/Foxp3 ratio in NBP group, BMSCs group and BMSCs+NBP group decreased, while P-IκBα/IκBα, p-pI3k/PI3K and P-Akt/Akt ratios increased, especially in the BMSCs + NBP group(P<0.05). Conclusion The combined treatment of NBP and BMSCs can help alleviate the symptoms of EAE model mice, showing better efficacy than treatment with NBP or BMSCs alone. The mechanism is related to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway to regulate Th17/Foxp3 ratio and the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway to promote the neurogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
2021, 52(5): 767-771.
doi: 10.12182/20210960507
Abstract:
Objective To understand the status of depression and its influencing factors in the middle-aged and older adult populations aged 45 and above in China on the basis of data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), and to provide empirical evidence for the improvement of the mental health of the middle-aged and older adults and the alleviation of their depressive symptoms. Methods The source of the research data was the 2018 CFPS. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess the prevalence of depression. A two-level two-category unconditional logistics regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Results The 80th percentile interval score of depression score was used as the critical value, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 23.61%. It was more likely for women to suffer from depressive symptoms than it was for men. Widowed individuals were at an even higher risk for having depression. The more education one had, the lower the possibility of developing depression. Middle-aged and older adults in rural areas were more likely to suffer from depression. Middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases and self-rated poor health were at higher risk of depression. Sleep time is a protective factor that suppressed symptoms. After controlling the above-mentioned individual-level factors, middle-aged and older adults in coastal and economically developed areas were less likely to suffer from depression than those from inland and economically underdeveloped areas did. Conclusion The health departments concerned should focus on the depressive symptoms of women, widowed individuals, and middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases. In rural areas and underdeveloped inland regions, the state should invest more health resources in the prevention and improvement of depression among middle-aged and older adults.
2021, 52(5): 772-777.
doi: 10.12182/20210960301
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the behavioral factors influencing of new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in diabetic patients, so as to provide evidence for reducing the risk of new HBV infection in diabetic patients. Method A nested case-control study was conducted to follow up and observe 4586 diabetic patients. The 114 diabetic patients who newly developed HBV infection during the follow-up period were selected as the case group, and 228 diabetic patients who did not develop HBV infection in the same period were selected as the control group from the cohort population at a matching ratio of 1∶2 according to the age ±2 years. Questionnaire surveys and laboratory examinations were conducted in the cohort. The contents of the questionnaire included family history of hepatitis B, history of trauma, history of receiving/donating blood, individual-related behavioral characteristics, diabetes severity, and behavior related to diabetes treatment and management. In addition, the blood samples of the cohort were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the related behavioral factors affecting new HBV infection in diabetic patients. Results The median ages of the HBV group and the control group were 64 years old and 66 years old, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the composition of sex, age, ethnicity, occupation and amount of formal education between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetic patients with a family history of hepatitis B (OR=13.052, 95% CI: 3.799 to 44.847) had a higher risk of new HBV infection, while diabetic patients who used blood collection/injection devices in a standardized way (OR=0.189, 95%CI: 0.082 to 0.436), safety locking blood glucose needles (OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.276) and venous blood collection needles (OR=0.019, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.262) and self-testing of blood sugar at home (OR=0.466, 95% CI: 0.222 to 0.980) had a lower risk of new HBV infection. Conclusion Family history of hepatitis B is an independent factor that increases the risk for new HBV infection in diabetic patients. During the process of long-term blood glucose management of diabetic patients, standardized use of blood collection/injection devices, use of safer types of blood sampling lancet, and self-testing of blood glucose help can reduce the risk of HBV infection.
