Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the association of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in traumatic fracture patients. MethodsWe performed a retrospective study in 1 054 traumatic fracture patients admitted between April 2012 and December 2014. 188 cases were divided into DVT and others (n=866) into control group based on ultrasound results. The relationship between HDL-C and DVT was determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. ResultsCompared with control group,patients in DVT group had significantly lower HDL-C level,and low level of plasma HDL-C was associated with the occurrence of DVT. Deceased HDL-C,inceased age,inceased immobilization,inceasd anticoagulant-free days,fracture sites,and blood transfusion were risk factors for the occurrence of DVT in traumatic fracture patients. Patients with surgery had significantly lower level of HDL-C in both groups compared with patients without surgery respectively. ConclusionLow level of plasma HDL-C was independently associated with the occurrence of DVT in traumatic fracture patients.