Abstract: Objective To investigate the learning curve of retroperitoneal laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) and evaluate the risk factors of intraoperative complications with data from a single center. Methods We evaluated perioperative data of 527 consecutive kidney donors who received retroperitoneal LDN between April 2009 and April 2014. The patients were divided into two groups according to the learning curve which was determined by the operation time：group 1 (on the learning curve) and group 2 (learning curve completed). Results The mean operation time was (88.4±38.07) min. The asymptote of the surgeon’s learning curve for retroperitoneal LDN was achieved at the 100th case. The operation time and the incidence of intraoperative complications in group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2. When cases completed, body mass index (BMI) and intraoperative complications were correlated to operative time. The incidence of intraoperative complications was 1.90% and BMI was correlated to the incidence of intraoperative complications. When the learning curve was completed, renal artery numbers and right kidney were found being correlated to operative time. Conclusion Retroperitoneal LDN is a safe and effective operation method with a low incidence of complications. Technical proficiency in retroperitoneal LDN could be achieved after 100 surgeries.