重庆市膳食砷暴露水平及健康风险评估

代兴慧; 李旻涛; 陈佳辉; 冯萍; 陈京蓉; 赵舰; 周倩如; 罗书全; 张华东; 严晓峰; 霍娇; 练雪梅

doi:10.12182/20241160509

重庆市膳食砷暴露水平及健康风险评估

Assessment of Dietary Arsenic Exposure Levels and the Associated Health Risks in Chongqing City, China

摘要

摘要:
目的了解重庆市食品中砷含量，评估重庆市居民膳食砷暴露水平及其潜在健康风险。
方法利用2018～2023年重庆市食品砷含量监测数据，结合2018年中国营养与健康调查项目重庆市膳食调查数据，采用二维蒙特卡洛模拟法估计重庆市居民膳食砷暴露水平，并应用暴露限值法（margin of exposure，MOE）对经膳食摄入砷产生的非致癌风险（皮肤损伤）和致癌风险（肺癌、泌尿系统癌症）进行评估。
结果在4900份食物样品中，总砷检出率为36.40%，平均含量中限值为0.0207 mg/kg，上限值为0.0234 mg/kg，大米及其制品的砷平均含量最高，中限值为0.0981 mg/kg，上限值为0.0985 mg/kg。不同年龄、性别和居住地居民的无机砷日均暴露量中3～6岁组最高，中限值为1.046 μg/(kg·d)，上限值为1.116 μg/(kg·d)，60岁以上组最低，男性高于女性，农村高于城市。在非致癌风险方面，各人群无机砷的MOE值均大于1；致癌风险方面，各人群无机砷的MOE值均小于100。大米及其制品是重庆市膳食砷暴露的主要来源，占总暴露量的69.97%～74.37%。
结论重庆市居民膳食砷暴露引起非致癌风险的威胁相对较低，但可能存在一定的致癌风险，低龄儿童砷暴露水平需要持续关注。

Abstract:
Objective To determine the levels of arsenic in food in Chongqing city, and to assess the levels of dietary arsenic exposure and the associated potential health risks in residents of Chongqing city.
Methods By using the monitoring data on arsenic levels in food in Chongqing between 2018 and 2023 in combination with the local dietary survey data for Chongqing from the 2018 China Nutrition and Health Survey Program, and adopting the 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, we made an estimate of the dietary arsenic exposure levels of Chongqing residents. The margin of exposure (MOE) method was applied to assess both non-carcinogenic risks (skin damage) and carcinogenic risks (lung cancer and urinary system cancers) associated with dietary intake of arsenic.
Results Out of 4900 food samples, the detection rate of arsenic was 36.40%, with the average levels ranging from the median bound (MB) of 0.0207 to the upper bound (UB) of 0.0234 mg/kg. The highest average levels were found in rice and its products, with an MB of 0.0981 and a UB of 0.0985 mg/kg. The daily average exposure to inorganic arsenic for residents of different ages, sexes, and places of residence was highest in individuals aged 3 to 6, with an MB of 1.046 μg/(kg·d) and a UB of 1.116 μg/(kg·d), and lowest among individuals aged 60 and older. Arsenic exposure was higher in males than that in females and higher in people living in rural areas compared to those in urban areas. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks, the MOE values for inorganic arsenic were always higher than 1 in various populations. As for carcinogenic risks, the MOE values were all less than 100 in various populations. Rice and its products were the main source of dietary arsenic exposure in Chongqing, accounting for 69.97% to 74.37% of the total exposure.
Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk caused by dietary arsenic exposure in Chongqing is relatively low, but there may be a certain level of carcinogenic risk. Continued attentions should be given to dietary arsenic exposure levels in young children.

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