首页
Content Analysis of Chinese National Laws and Regulations on Emergencies from the Perspective of Disaster Nursing on the Basis of Crisis Life Cycle Theory
-
摘要:目的 基于危机生命周期理论，从护理视角分析我国突发事件法律法规文本，探讨突发事件法律法规弱项，为我国灾害护理实践范畴的界定提供证据。方法 选取全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会和国务院颁布的突发事件法律法规为研究文本，以灾害护理核心能力和危机生命周期理论构建分析框架，运用NVivo 12软件和内容分析法对纳入的16部法律法规进行内容探究。结果 获得地震相关法律法规6部，传染病3部，火灾2部，食物中毒2部，突发事件2部，洪涝1部。提取食物中毒相关编码24个，传染病编码23个，突发事件编码22个，地震编码22个，火灾编码21个，洪涝编码16个。在应急准备关键环节，早期预防参考点数量最多，协作应对参考点数量最少。在应急准备关键流程，善后处置参考点数量最多，社会服务、持续运营参考点数量最少。结论 突发事件法律法规依据一定的历史经验而制定，协作应对、社会服务、持续运营是其薄弱流程、环节。在灾害护理实践过程中，应该基于学科内涵，从积极的方面来有效弥补突发事件法律法规本身的弱项。Abstract:Objective To analyze Chinese national laws and regulations on emergencies from the perspective of nursing and on the basis of the crisis life cycle theory, to discuss the weaknesses in laws and regulations concerning emergencies, and to provide evidence for the definition of the scope of disaster nursing practice in China.Methods We selected emergency laws and regulations promulgated by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee and the State Council as the subject matter of the study, constructing the analysis framework on the basis of the core competence of disaster nursing and crisis life cycle theory. Then, the 16 laws and regulations included in the study were analyzed with NVivo 12 software by the content analysis method.Results A total of 6 laws and regulations concerning earthquakes, 3 concerning infectious diseases, 2 concerning fire, 2 concerning food poisoning, 2 concerning emergencies, and 1 concerning flood were selected. A total of 24 food poisoning-related codes, 23 infectious disease codes, 22 emergency event codes, 22 earthquake codes, 21 fire codes, and 16 flood codes were obtained. In the key links of emergency preparedness, early prevention had the highest number of reference points, whereas collaborative response had the lowest number of reference points. In the key processes of emergency preparedness, aftermath management had the highest number of reference points, whereas social services and continuous operation had the lowest numbers of reference points.Conclusion Laws and regulations concerning emergencies are generally formulated on the basis of certain historical experience, with collaborative response, social services, and continuous operation being the weak links and processes. In the process of disaster nursing practice, we should effectively make up for the weaknesses in laws and regulations concerning emergencies by utilizing the positive aspects and the essence of the discipline.
-
Keywords:
- Disaster nursing /
- Life cycle theory /
- Emergency /
- Laws and regulations /
- Content analysis
-
-
![]()
图 1 我国突发事件法律法规文本文件及参考点数量分布（关键环节）
Figure 1. Distribution of the numbers of national laws and regulations for emergencies in China and their reference points (key links)
The dashed line represents the number of reference points in critical links of emergency preparedness. The solid line represents the number of laws and regulations.
![]()
图 2 我国突发事件法律法规文本文件及参考点数量分布（关键流程）
Figure 2. Distribution of the numbers of national laws and regulations for emergencies in China and their reference points (key processes)
The dashed line represents the number of key process reference points for emergency preparedness. The solid line represents the number of laws and regulations.
表 1 中国突发事件法律法规文本基本信息
Table 1 Basic information of national laws and regulations on emergencies in China
No. Emergency Year Publisher Name Document number 1 Fire 1988 B Forest Fire Regulations Order No. 541 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 2 Infectious diseases 1989 B People's Republic of China Infectious Disease Control Act Order No. 5 of the President of the People's Republic of China 3 Infectious diseases 1991 B Measures for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Order No. 17 of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China 4 Fire 1993 B Grassland Fire Prevention Regulations State Council Order No. 542 5 Earthquake 1995 B Destructive Earthquake Emergency Regulations State Council Order No. 172 6 Flood 1997 A Flood Control Law of the People's Republic of China Order No. 48 of the President of the People's Republic of China 7 Earthquake 1998 B Regulations on the Administration of Earthquake Prediction Order No. 255 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 8 Earthquake 2001 B Regulations on the Administration of Earthquake Safety Evaluation State Council Order No. 709 9 Infectious diseases 2003 B Emergency Regulations for Public Health Emergencies Order No. 588 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 10 Earthquake 2004 B Regulations on the Administration of Earthquake Monitoring Order No. 409 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 11 Emergency 2007 A Emergency Response Act of the People's Republic of China Order No. 69 of the President of the People's Republic of China 12 Earthquake 2008 B Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction Regulations Order No. 526 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 13 Earthquake 2008 A Law of the People's Republic of China on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Order No. 94 of the President of the People's Republic of China 14 Food poisoning 2009 A Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China Order No. 22 of the President of the People's Republic of China 15 Food poisoning 2009 B Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China Order No. 721 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 16 Natural Disaster 2010 B Natural Disaster Relief Regulations Order No. 577 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China A stands for State Council, B stands for the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 中国突发事件法律法规文本内容分析结果
Table 2 Content analysis results of national laws and regulations for emergencies in China
Key link Key process Earthquake Flood Fire Infectious disease Food poisoning Emergencies 1.Early prevention 1.Environmental prevention and control — Smooth drainage — Cleaning, disinfection, and preventive treatment Process layout, cleaning and disinfection, and food preservation — 2.Organization system Emergency team Division of responsibilities Division of responsibilities Division of responsibilities and emergency team Emergency team and emergency system Emergency team and emergency system 3.Emergency plan Plan update, plan drill, and plan formulation Plan formulation Plan drill and plan formulation Plan drill and plan formulation Plan update, plan drill, and plan formulation Plan update, plan drill, and plan formulation 4.Training and learning Training content Training content Training content Training content Training content Training content and effect evaluation 5.Material expenses Physical supply and special funds Funding guarantee and physical supply Physical supply and funding guarantee Funding guarantee and physical supply Funding guarantee and physical supplies Funding guarantee and physical supply 2.Monitoring and early warning 6.Risk monitoring — High incidence season, weather forecast, and risk area Fire protection area, fire patrol, and fire weather Monitoring method and monitoring system Food material procurement, food sample retention, and occupational health — 7.Risk warning Official forecast Early warning system Fire forecasting, fire, and electricity Event classification and early warning system High-risk food Alert level 3.Emergency response 8.Communication Disaster notification, disaster report, and command personnel — Disaster report Public opinion control, disaster report, and command personnel Disaster notification, disaster report, and command personnel Public opinion control and disaster report 9.Early response Evacuation transfer — Fire fighting and evacuation and transfer Reduce aggregation, checking, and isolation On-the-site storage Evacuation transfer and on-the-site blockade 10.Medical first aid Transfer to hospital — Medical aid Nursing rescue and emergency treatment Assisting investigation — 4.Collaborative response 11.External assistance Social organizations Social organizations — — — Social organizations, medical institutions, and government departments 12.Social services — — — — — — 5.Recovery and development 13.Ongoing operations — — — — — — 14.Aftermath management Personal safety, secondary disasters, psychological care, physical rehabilitation, rewards and punishments, and restarting operations Personal safety and punishment and rewards, secondary disasters and recovery of operations Restarting operations and rewards and punishments, loss assessment, sanitation, and epidemic prevention Rewards and punishments Rewards and punishments and food destruction Secondary disasters, rewards and punishments, and psychological care 15.Cultural construction Anti-seismic concept and experience summary Flood control concept Fire prevention concept and fire protection promotion Cultural promotion Monitoring and evaluation and food safety concept Experience summary and cultural promotion
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 李雪峰. 试论突发事件的基本特征及其实践意涵. 北京电子科技学院学报,2018,26(1): 1–6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-464X.2018.01.001 [2] SHEN G, HWANG S N. Spatial-Temporal snapshots of global natural disaster impacts Revealed from EM-DAT for 1900-2015. Geomat Nat Haz Risk,2019,10(1): 912–934. DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2018.1552630
[3] 李莹, 赵珊珊. 2001–2020年中国洪涝灾害损失与致灾危险性研究. 气候变化研究进展,2022,18(2): 154–165. DOI: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2021.196 [4] 李红. 健康中国背景下对我国护理学科发展的思考. 中国护理管理,2021,21(9): 1288–1292. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756.2021.09.003 [5] 卢文刚, 王雅萱. 基于危机生命周期和PPRR理论的医患群体性事件应急管理研究—以10起典型个案为例. 广州大学学报(社会科学版),2019,18(2): 54–64. [6] International Council of Nurses. Core competencies in disaster nursing2019. (2019-11-05)[2020-08-15]. https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN_Disaster-Comp-Report_WEB.pdf.
[7] SIENKIEWICZ-MAŁYJUREK K, OWCZAREK T. Complementarity of communication and coordination in ensuring effectiveness of emergency management networks. Sustainability,2021,13: 221. DOI: 10.3390/su13010221
[8] SIMONA T, TAUPO T, ANTUNES P. A scoping review on agency collaboration in emergency management based on the 3C model. Inform Syst Front,2021,25(1): 291–302. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-020-10099-0
[9] PARKER C F, NOHRSTEDT D, BAIRD J, et al. Collaborative crisis management: a plausibility probe of core assumptions. Policy Soc,2020,39(4): 510–529. DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2020.1767337
[10] PĂUNESCU C, POPESCU M C, BLID L. Business impact analysis for business continuity: evidence from Romanianenterprises on critical functions. Manag Mark,2018,13(3): 1035–1050. DOI: 10.2478/mmcks-2018-0021
[11] DURMO A. "Business continuity management in higher education: response plan for the threat of negative media representation (case study on international burch university)". IBU Repository, 2023. https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/231.
[12] YEO J, HAUPT B, KAPUCU N. Alignment between disaster policies and practice: characteristics of interorganizational response coordination following 2016 hurricane matthew in Florida. Nat Hazards Rev,2021,22(1): 4020052. DOI: 10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000427
-
期刊类型引用(0)
其他类型引用(2)
开放获取 本文遵循知识共享署名—非商业性使用4.0国际许可协议（CC BY-NC 4.0），允许第三方对本刊发表的论文自由共享（即在任何媒介以任何形式复制、发行原文）、演绎（即修改、转换或以原文为基础进行创作），必须给出适当的署名，提供指向本文许可协议的链接，同时标明是否对原文作了修改；不得将本文用于商业目的。CC BY-NC 4.0许可协议详情请访问 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
计量
- 文章访问数: 1281
- HTML全文浏览量: 231
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 2
