城乡精神分裂症患者生活质量及其影响因素研究

张春熙; 任晓晖; 杨先梅; 范箬馨; 王艳; 李怡玲; 江洪军; 刘元元; 刘祥

doi:10.12182/20230560202

城乡精神分裂症患者生活质量及其影响因素研究

Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors Among Schizophrenia Patients Living in Urban and Rural Areas

摘要

摘要:
目的调查四川省某市精神分裂症患者生活质量现状，进一步探讨生活质量影响因素的城乡差异。
方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法选取已纳入“四川省严重精神障碍综合管理信息系统”管理的824例精神分裂症患者为调查对象。采用精神分裂症患者生活质量量表（Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale, SQLS）、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS)、一般情况调查表和生活行为方式调查表等对其进行问卷调查，并采用单因素和多重线性回归模型分析城市和农村精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响因素。
结果农村患者各个测评领域的生活质量均比城市患者更差（P<0.05）。婚姻状况、职业技能、体育锻炼和社会支持是城市患者生活质量的影响因素（P<0.05）；而年龄、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、职业技能、社区康复活动、步行至最近的医疗机构所需时间是农村患者生活质量的影响因素（P<0.05）。
结论应根据城乡特点，从经济扶持、职业技能训练、精神卫生投入、社区康复和社会支持等多方面，有针对性地制定提升精神分裂症患者的生活质量的措施。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the status quo of the quality of life of schizophrenia patients in a city in Sichuan Province and to explore, thereof, the urban-rural differences in the factors influencing their quality of life.
Methods A total of 824 schizophrenia patients were selected for the study through multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. All the subjects were selected from a pool of patients covered by the Sichuan Provincial Information System for the Comprehensive Management of Severe Mental Disorders. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the general circumstance questionnaire, and the lifestyle questionnaire. In addition, univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of quality of life among schizophrenia patients living in urban areas and those in rural areas.
Results Rural patients had poorer quality of life than urban patients did in all measurement domains (P<0.05). Marital status, vocational skills, physical exercise, and social support were influencing factors of the quality of life among urban patients (P<0.05). Age, marital status, annual household income, vocational skills, participation in community rehabilitation activities, and the time required to walk to the nearest medical institution were influencing factors of the quality of life among rural patients (P<0.05).
Conclusion Targeted measures for the enhancement of the quality of life of schizophrenia patients should be formulated on the basis of urban and rural characteristics in terms of economic support, vocational skills training, input in mental health services, community rehabilitation services, and social support.

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