Abstract: Among the bones of the whole body, the jawbone is considered the region where remodeling takes place the most actively. In this region, the homeostasis of the bones is maintained by the balanced activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The bone immune microenvironment can simultaneously regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Compared with other bones, the jawbone is more susceptible to pathogens because it is exposed to the bacteria in the oral environment. In the case of inflammatory pathology, an over-activated immune system stimulates the activation of osteoclasts and inhibits osteoblasts. In this review, we summarized the different characteristics of the bone immune microenvironment of the jawbone compared with other bones, and the role of immune microenvironment regulation in common jawbone diseases. The development of corresponding therapeutic strategies for jawbone immune regulation targets may be helpful for the treatment of jawbone inflammatory diseases.